Ibisobanuro:Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho bya nikel ndetse n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu, uburyo bw’inganda za nikel ku isi bwagize impinduka nini, kandi inganda zatewe inkunga n’Ubushinwa zagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura ivugurura ryinganda za nikel kwisi yose.Muri icyo gihe, yanatanze umusanzu udasanzwe mu mutekano w’urwego rutanga nikel ku isi.
Wubahe Isoko kandi Wubahe Isoko - - Nigute wazamura umutekano wurwego rwogutanga Nickel mubushinwa kuva "Nickel Futures Incident"
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho bya nikel ndetse n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu, uburyo bw’inganda za nikel ku isi bwagize impinduka nini, kandi inganda zatewe inkunga n’Ubushinwa zagize uruhare runini muri guteza imbere ivugurura ryinganda za nikel kwisi.Muri icyo gihe, yanatanze umusanzu udasanzwe mu mutekano w’urwego rutanga nikel ku isi.Ariko igiciro cya London nikel ejo hazaza muri Werurwe uyu mwaka cyazamutseho 248% bitigeze bibaho mu minsi ibiri, byangiza bikomeye ibigo nyabyo birimo n'Ubushinwa.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, uhereye ku mpinduka zabaye mu nganda z’inganda za nikel mu myaka yashize, zifatanije n’ "ibyabaye kuri nikel futures", umwanditsi avuga uburyo bwo kuzamura umutekano w’urwego rw’itangwa rya nikel mu Bushinwa.
Impinduka muburyo bwa nikel inganda
Ku bijyanye n’ibipimo by’imikoreshereze, ikoreshwa rya nikel ryagutse vuba, kandi Ubushinwa nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu gukoresha nikel ku isi.Dukurikije imibare y’ishami ry’inganda rya Nickel ry’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa, mu 2021, ikoreshwa ry’ibanze rya nikel ku isi rizagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.76, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 15.9% ndetse n’inshuro 1.5 zikoreshwa mu 2001. Muri bo, mu 2021, Ubushinwa bukoresha nikel mbisi buzagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.542, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 14%, wikubye inshuro 18 ibyo wakoresheje mu 2001, kandi umubare w’ibikoreshwa ku isi wiyongereye uva kuri 4.5% muri 2001 ugera kuri 56 kugeza ubu %.Twashobora kuvuga ko 90% byiyongera ku ikoreshwa rya nikel ku isi kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya byaturutse mu Bushinwa.
Urebye imiterere yimikoreshereze, gukoresha ibyuma bidafite ingese birahagaze neza, kandi igipimo cya nikel ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ikomeza kwiyongera.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, urwego rushya rwingufu ruyobora iterambere ryikoreshwa rya nikel yibanze kwisi.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu 2001, mu mikoreshereze y’ikoreshwa rya nikel mu Bushinwa, nikel ku byuma bitagira umwanda igera kuri 70%, nikel yo gukoresha amashanyarazi igera kuri 15%, nikel ya bateri yari 5% gusa.Kugeza mu 2021, igipimo cya nikel ikoreshwa mu byuma bidafite ingese mu ikoreshwa rya nikel mu Bushinwa bizaba hafi 74%;igipimo cya nikel ikoreshwa muri bateri kizazamuka kugera kuri 15%;igipimo cya nikel ikoreshwa muri electroplating izagabanuka kugera kuri 5%.Ntabwo byigeze bigaragara ko uko inganda nshya z’ingufu zinjiye mu muvuduko wihuse, icyifuzo cya nikel kiziyongera, kandi umubare wa bateri mu rwego rwo gukoresha uzagenda wiyongera.
Urebye uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho bya nikel byahinduwe biva mu bucukuzi bwa nikel sulfide cyane cyane byahinduwe na nikel sulfel na nikel sulfide.Ahahoze umutungo wa nikel wari cyane cyane ubutare bwa nikel sulfide ifite ubutunzi bukabije ku isi, kandi umutungo wa nikel sulfide wibanze cyane muri Ositaraliya, Kanada, Uburusiya, Ubushinwa ndetse no mu bindi bihugu, bingana na 50% by’ububiko bwa nikel ku isi icyo gihe.Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya, hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa no guteza imbere tekinoroji ya nikel ore-nikel-fer mu Bushinwa, ubutare bwa nikel muri Indoneziya na Filipine bwatejwe imbere kandi bukoreshwa ku rugero runini.Mu 2021, Indoneziya izaba igihugu kinini ku isi gikora nikel, kikaba ari igisubizo cyo guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa, umurwa mukuru n’umutungo wa Indoneziya.Ubufatanye hagati y'Ubushinwa na Indoneziya bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere no gushikama kw'urwego rutanga nikel ku isi.
Urebye imiterere yibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bya nikel murwego rwo kuzenguruka biratera imbere muburyo butandukanye.Dukurikije imibare y’ishami ry’inganda rya Nickel, mu 2001, mu musaruro w’ibanze wa nikel ku isi, nikel yatunganijwe yari ifite umwanya w’ingenzi, wongeyeho, igice gito cyari nikel ferronickel n'umunyu wa nikel;mu 2021, mu musaruro w’ibanze wa nikel ku isi, umusaruro wa nikel watunganijwe waragabanutse ugera kuri 33%, mu gihe igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa birimo NPI (nikel ingurube) nikel cyazamutse kigera kuri 50%, naho nikel-fer na nikel gakondo. umunyu wagize 17%.Biteganijwe ko mu 2025, igipimo cya nikel inoze mu musaruro w’ibanze wa nikel ku isi kizakomeza kugabanuka.Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imiterere y’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze by’Ubushinwa, hafi 63% by’ibicuruzwa ni NPI (icyuma cy’ingurube), hafi 25% by’ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza, naho hafi 12% by’ibicuruzwa ni umunyu wa nikel.
Urebye impinduka mubigo byamasoko, ibigo byigenga byabaye imbaraga nyamukuru murwego rwo gutanga nikel mubushinwa ndetse no kwisi.Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ishami ry’inganda Nickel, muri toni 677.000 z’umusaruro w’ibanze wa nikel mu Bushinwa mu 2021, ibigo bitanu byambere byigenga, birimo Shandong Xinhai, Inganda za Qingshan, Delong Nickel, Tangshan Kaiyuan, Suqian Xiangxiang, na Guangxi Yinyi, byatanze umusaruro w’ibanze; nikel.bingana na 62.8%.By'umwihariko ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’inganda mu mahanga, ibigo byigenga bifite ibice birenga 75% by’ibigo bifite ishoramari mu mahanga, kandi muri Indoneziya hashyizweho urunani rw’inganda rwuzuye rwa nikel-iterambere-nikel-fer-idafite ibyuma.
"Nikel futures ibyabaye" bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko
Ingaruka nibibazo byagaragaye
Ubwa mbere, igiciro cya LME nikel kizaza cyazamutse cyane kuva ku ya 7 Werurwe kugeza 8 Guhana.Igiciro cyigihe kizaza ntigitakaza gusa icyerekezo cyacyo kubiciro byabigenewe, ahubwo binatera inzitizi ningorane kubigo byo kugura ibikoresho fatizo no gukingira.Irahagarika kandi umusaruro usanzwe nigikorwa cya nikel hejuru no kumanuka, bigatera kwangirika gukomeye kuri nikel kwisi yose hamwe nibijyanye no hejuru no mubice byo hasi.
Iya kabiri ni uko "nikel futures ibyabaye" ari ibisubizo biterwa no kutamenya kugenzura ingaruka z’amasosiyete, kutagira ubwoba bw’amasosiyete ku isoko ry’imari y’imari, uburyo budahagije bwo gucunga ibyago ku isoko ry’igihe kizaza cya LME, hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’imiterere ya geopolitiki; .Nyamara, ukurikije ibintu byimbere mu gihugu, ibyabaye byagaragaje ikibazo cyuko isoko ryigihe kizaza cyiburengerazuba kiri kure y’umusaruro n’ibikoreshwa, bidashobora guhaza ibikenerwa n’inganda nyazo, kandi iterambere ry’ibikomoka kuri nikel ntiryakomeje. hamwe n'iterambere n'impinduka zinganda.Kugeza ubu, ubukungu bwateye imbere nk’iburengerazuba ntabwo bukoresha cyane ibyuma bidafite fer cyangwa ibicuruzwa bikomeye.Nubwo imiterere yububiko iri kwisi yose, ububiko bwinshi bwicyambu hamwe namasosiyete yububiko bigenzurwa nabacuruzi ba kera bo muburayi.Muri icyo gihe, kubera kubura uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ingaruka, Hariho akaga kihishe mugihe ibigo byikigo bikoresha ibikoresho byigihe kizaza.Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryibikomoka kuri nikel ntirishobora gukomeza, ibyo bikaba byanongereye ingaruka z’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri nikel bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga igihe bishyira mu bikorwa kubungabunga ibicuruzwa.
Ibyerekeye Kuzamura Urunigi rwo Gutanga Nickel
Inspirations Zimwe Mubibazo byumutekano
Ubwa mbere, komeza ibitekerezo byo hasi hanyuma ufate iyambere mugukumira no kugenzura ingaruka.Inganda zidafite ferrous zifite ibintu bisanzwe biranga isoko, mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imari.Niyo mpamvu, inganda zinganda zigomba kunoza imyumvire yo gukumira ingaruka, gushyiraho ibitekerezo byo hasi, no kunoza urwego rwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gucunga ibyago.Ibigo byigenga bigomba kubaha isoko, gutinya isoko, no kugenzura imikorere yabyo.Ibigo "gusohoka" bigomba kuba bimenyereye neza amategeko mpuzamahanga yisoko, bigategura gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa, kandi birinda guhigwa no kunigwa n’imari shingiro y’imari yo mu mahanga.Ibigo biterwa inkunga n'Ubushinwa bigomba kwigira kuburambe n'amasomo.
Iya kabiri ni iyo kwihutisha inzira yo kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga mu gihe kizaza cya nikel no kuzamura ingufu z’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’Ubushinwa."Nikel futures ibyabaye" byerekana akamaro kandi byihutirwa mugutezimbere mpuzamahanga mumahirwe yicyuma adafite ferrous, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kwihutisha kuzamura amasahani mpuzamahanga ya aluminium, nikel, zinc nubundi bwoko.Mu gishushanyo cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru, niba igihugu cy’ibikoresho gishobora gukoresha isoko ry’isoko n’isoko ry’ibiciro by’isoko "urubuga mpuzamahanga, itangwa ry’inguzanyo, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, hamwe n’ifaranga ry’amafaranga", ntabwo bizerekana ishusho y’Ubushinwa ku isoko rikomeye. -ubucuruzi bwerekanwe, ariko kandi buzamura ubushobozi bwubushinwa bwibiciro byinshi.Irashobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo gukingira imishinga iterwa inkunga nabashinwa.Byongeye kandi, birakenewe gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’inganda za nikel, no kongera ubuhinzi bwimbuto zikomoka kuri nikel.
Ibyerekeye Kuzamura Urunigi rwo Gutanga Nickel
Inspirations Zimwe Mubibazo byumutekano
Ubwa mbere, komeza ibitekerezo byo hasi hanyuma ufate iyambere mugukumira no kugenzura ingaruka.Inganda zidafite ferrous zifite ibintu bisanzwe biranga isoko, mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imari.Niyo mpamvu, inganda zinganda zigomba kunoza imyumvire yo gukumira ingaruka, gushyiraho ibitekerezo byo hasi, no kunoza urwego rwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gucunga ibyago.Ibigo byigenga bigomba kubaha isoko, gutinya isoko, no kugenzura imikorere yabyo.Ibigo "gusohoka" bigomba kuba bimenyereye neza amategeko mpuzamahanga yisoko, bigategura gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa, kandi birinda guhigwa no kunigwa n’imari shingiro y’imari yo mu mahanga.Ibigo biterwa inkunga n'Ubushinwa bigomba kwigira kuburambe n'amasomo.
Iya kabiri ni iyo kwihutisha inzira yo kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga mu gihe kizaza cya nikel no kuzamura ingufu z’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’Ubushinwa."Nikel futures ibyabaye" byerekana akamaro kandi byihutirwa mugutezimbere mpuzamahanga mumahirwe yicyuma adafite ferrous, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kuzamura amasahani mpuzamahanga ya aluminium, nikel, zinc nubundi bwoko bwihuta.Mu gishushanyo cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru, niba igihugu cy’ibikoresho gishobora gukoresha isoko ry’isoko n’isoko ry’ibiciro by’isoko "urubuga mpuzamahanga, itangwa ry’inguzanyo, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, hamwe n’ifaranga ry’amafaranga", ntabwo bizerekana ishusho y’Ubushinwa ku isoko rikomeye. -ubucuruzi bwerekanwe, ariko kandi buzamura ubushobozi bwubushinwa bwibiciro byinshi.Irashobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo gukingira imishinga iterwa inkunga nabashinwa.Byongeye kandi, birakenewe gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’inganda za nikel, no kongera ubuhinzi bwimbuto zikomoka kuri nikel.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-12-2022