Ibisobanuro:Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya, hamwe no gukomeza gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho bya nikel no guteza imbere byihuse inganda nshya, inganda za nikel ku isi zagize impinduka zikomeye, kandi inganda zatewe inkunga n'Ubushinwa zagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura ivugurura ryinganda za nikel kwisi.Muri icyo gihe, yanatanze umusanzu udasanzwe mu mutekano wa nikel ku isi.
Wubahe Isoko kandi Wubahe Isoko - - Nigute wazamura umutekano wurwego rwogutanga amasoko ya Nickel mubushinwa "Nickel Futures Incident"
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje ry’ikoranabuhanga rya nikel n’inganda n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya, inganda za nikel ku isi zagize impinduka zikomeye, kandi inganda zatewe inkunga n’Ubushinwa zagize uruhare runini muri guteza imbere ivugurura ryinganda za nikel kwisi.Muri icyo gihe, yanatanze umusanzu udasanzwe mu mutekano wa nikel ku isi.Ariko igiciro cya London nikel ejo hazaza muri Werurwe uyu mwaka cyazamutseho 248% bitigeze bibaho muminsi ibiri, byangiza bikomeye ibigo nyabyo harimo n'Ubushinwa.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, duhereye ku mpinduka zakozwe mu nganda za nikel mu myaka yashize, zifatanije n "" ibyabaye kuri nikel ", umwanditsi avuga uburyo bwo kuzamura umutekano w’urwego rw’itangwa rya nikel mu Bushinwa.
Impinduka muburyo bwa nikel inganda
Kubijyanye nubunini bwibikoreshwa, nikel yagutse byihuse, naho Ubushinwa nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu gukoresha nikel ku isi.Dukurikije imibare y’ishami ry’inganda rya Nickel ry’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zidafite ingufu za Chine mu Bushinwa, mu 2021, ikoreshwa ry’ibanze rya nikel ku isi rizagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.76, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 15.9% ndetse n’inshuro 1.5 zikoreshwa muri 2001. Muri bo, mu 2021, Ubushinwa bukoresha nikel mbisi buzagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.542, umwaka ushize bwiyongereyeho 14%, bwikubye inshuro 18 ibyo byakoreshejwe muri 2001, naho umubare w’ibikoreshwa ku isi wiyongereye uva kuri 4.5% muri 2001 ugera kuri 56 kugeza ubu %.Turashobora kuvuga ko 90% yo kwiyongera kwa nikel kwisi yose kuva intangiriro yikinyejana gishya yaturutse mubushinwa.
Urebye imiterere yimikoreshereze, gukoresha ibyuma bidafite ingese birahagaze neza, kandi igipimo cya nikel gikoreshwa mumashanyarazi gikomeza kwiyongera.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, urwego rushya rwingufu ruyobora iterambere ryikoreshwa rya nikel yibanze kwisi.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu 2001, mu Bushinwa uburyo bwo gukoresha nikel, nikel ku byuma bitagira umuyonga bingana na 70%, nikel yo gukoresha amashanyarazi igera kuri 15%, nikel kuri bateri yari 5% gusa.Kugeza 2021, igipimo cya nikel gikoreshwa mubyuma bidafite ingese mubushinwa nikel bizaba hafi 74%;igipimo cya nikel ikoreshwa muri bateri kizazamuka kugera kuri 15%;igipimo cya nikel gikoreshwa muri electroplating kizagabanuka kugera kuri 5%.Ntabwo byigeze bigaragara ko uko inganda nshya zinjira mu nzira yihuse, icyifuzo cya nikel kiziyongera, kandi umubare wa bateri mu rwego rwo gukoresha uzagenda wiyongera.
Duhereye ku buryo bwo gutanga ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho bya nikel byahinduwe biva mu bucukuzi bwa nikel sulfide cyane cyane ku butare bwa nikel na nikel sulfide.Ahahoze umutungo wa nikel wari ubutare bwa nikel sulfide hamwe nubutunzi bwibanze ku isi, naho nikel sulfide yibanda cyane muri Ositaraliya, Kanada, Uburusiya, Ubushinwa nibindi bihugu, bingana na 50% byububiko bwa nikel ku isi muri kiriya gihe.Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishya, hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa no guteza imbere tekinoroji ya nikel ore-nikel-fer mu Bushinwa, ubutare bwa nikel muri Indoneziya na Philippines byatejwe imbere kandi bikoreshwa ku rugero runini.Muri 2021, Indoneziya izahinduka nikel nini cyane ku isi ikora nikel, ikaba ari ibisubizo byo guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa, umurwa mukuru n’umutungo wa Indoneziya.Ubufatanye hagati y'Ubushinwa na Indoneziya bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere no gutuza kwa nikel ku isi.
Urebye imiterere yibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bya nikel murwego rwo kuzenguruka biratera imbere muburyo butandukanye.Dukurikije imibare y’ishami ry’inganda rya Nickel, mu 2001, mu musaruro w’ibanze wa nikel ku isi, nikel yatunganijwe yari ifite umwanya wingenzi, wongeyeho, agace gato kari nikel ferronickel hamwe nu munyu wa nikel;kugeza 2021, mubikorwa byambere bya nikel ku isi, umusaruro wa nikel watunganijwe wagabanutse Ugera kuri 33%, mugihe igipimo cya NPI (nikel yingurube) nikel kirimo nikel cyazamutse kigera kuri 50%, naho nikel-fer na nikel gakondo. umunyu wagize 17%.Biteganijwe ko mu 2025, igipimo cya nikel itunganijwe mu musaruro w’ibanze wa nikel kizakomeza kugabanuka.Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imiterere yibicuruzwa bya nikel byubushinwa, hafi 63% byibicuruzwa ni NPI (nikel yingurube), hafi 25% byibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza, naho hafi 12% byibicuruzwa ni umunyu wa nikel.
Urebye impinduka mubigo byamasoko, ibigo byigenga byahindutse imbaraga nyamukuru murwego rwo gutanga nikel mubushinwa ndetse no kwisi.Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishami ry’inganda rya Nickel, muri toni 677.000 z’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze bya nikel mu Bushinwa mu 2021, ibigo bitanu byambere byigenga birimo Shandong Xinhai, Inganda za Qingshan, Delong Nickel, Tangshan Kaiyuan, Suqian Xiangxiang, na Guangxi Yinyi. nikel.bingana na 62.8%.By'umwihariko ukurikije imiterere y’inganda zo hanze, ibigo byigenga bifite ibice birenga 75% byinganda zishoramari mumahanga, kandi muri Indoneziya hashyizweho urunigi rwinganda rwuzuye rwa nikel nikel-iterambere-nikel-fer-idafite ibyuma.
"Nikel futures ibyabaye" bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumasoko
Ingaruka nibibazo byagaragaye
Ubwa mbere, igiciro cya LME nikel ejo hazaza cyazamutse cyane kuva ku ya 7 kugeza ku ya 8 Werurwe, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa 248% mu minsi 2, ibyo bikaba byaratumye ihagarikwa ry’isoko ryigihe kizaza ndetse no kuzamuka no kugabanuka kwa nikel ya Shanghai kuri Shanghai Futures Guhana.Igiciro cyigihe kizaza ntigitakaza gusa icyerekezo cyacyo kubiciro byabigenewe, ahubwo binatera inzitizi ningorane kubigo byo kugura ibikoresho fatizo no gukingira.Ihungabanya kandi umusaruro usanzwe nigikorwa cya nikel hejuru no hepfo, bigatera kwangirika gukomeye kuri nikel kwisi yose hamwe nibisohoka hejuru no mubice byo hasi.
Iya kabiri ni uko "nikel futures ibyabaye" nigisubizo cyo kutamenya kugenzura ingaruka ziterwa nisosiyete, kutagira ubwoba bwibigo byisoko ryimari yimari, uburyo budahagije bwo gucunga ibyago kumasoko yigihe kizaza LME, hamwe no guhinduranya ihinduka rya geopolitiki. .Nyamara, ukurikije ibintu byimbere mu gihugu, ibyabaye byagaragaje ikibazo cyuko isoko ryigihe kizaza cyiburengerazuba kiri kure yumusaruro n’ibikoreshwa, bidashobora guhaza ibikenerwa n’inganda nyazo, kandi iterambere ry’ibikomoka kuri nikel ntiryakomeje. hamwe niterambere nimpinduka zinganda.Kugeza ubu, ubukungu bwateye imbere nk’iburengerazuba ntabwo ari abakoresha cyane ibyuma bidafite ferro cyangwa ababikora cyane.Nubwo imiterere yububiko ari kwisi yose, ububiko bwinshi bwicyambu hamwe nubucuruzi bwububiko bugenzurwa nabacuruzi ba kera bo muburayi.Muri icyo gihe, kubera kubura uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura ingaruka, Hariho akaga kihishe mugihe ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho byigihe kizaza.Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryibikomoka kuri nikel ntibyakomeje, byanongereye ingaruka zubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na nikel bijyanye nibicuruzwa bya periferique mugihe dushyira mubikorwa kubika ibicuruzwa.
Kubijyanye no Kuzamura Urunigi rwo Gutanga Nickel
Inspirations Zimwe Zibibazo byumutekano
Ubwa mbere, komeza ibitekerezo byo hasi hanyuma ufate iyambere mukurinda no kugenzura ingaruka.Inganda zidafite ferrous zifite ibintu bisanzwe biranga isoko, mpuzamahanga ndetse nubukungu.Kubwibyo, inganda zinganda zigomba kunoza imyumvire yo gukumira ingaruka, gushiraho ibitekerezo byo hasi, no kunoza urwego rwibikoresho byo gucunga ibyago.Ibigo byigenga bigomba kubaha isoko, gutinya isoko, no kugenzura imikorere yabyo.Ibigo "gusohoka" bigomba kumenyera byimazeyo amategeko mpuzamahanga yisoko, gukora gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa, no kwirinda guhigwa no kunigwa nigishoro cyimari yo mumahanga.Ibigo biterwa inkunga nabashinwa bigomba kwigira kuburambe n'amasomo.
Iya kabiri ni ukwihutisha inzira yo kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga ejo hazaza h’Ubushinwa no kuzamura imbaraga z’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’Ubushinwa."Nikel futures ibyabaye" byerekana akamaro kandi byihutirwa mugutezimbere mpuzamahanga mumahirwe yicyuma adafite ferrous, cyane cyane muburyo bwo kwihutisha kuzamura amasahani mpuzamahanga ya aluminium, nikel, zinc nubundi bwoko.Mu gishushanyo cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru, niba igihugu cy’ibikoresho gishobora kwemeza isoko ryogutanga amasoko no kugurisha ibiciro by "urubuga mpuzamahanga, gutanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, hamwe n’ifaranga ry’amafaranga", ntabwo bizerekana ishusho y’Ubushinwa ku isoko rikomeye. -ubucuruzi bwerekanwe, ariko kandi buzamura Ubushinwa ubwinshi bwibiciro byibicuruzwa.Irashobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo gukingira imishinga iterwa inkunga nabashinwa.Byongeye kandi, birakenewe gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka zinganda za nikel, no kongera ubuhinzi bwimbuto zikomoka kuri nikel.
Kubijyanye no Kuzamura Urunigi rwo Gutanga Nickel
Inspirations Zimwe Zibibazo byumutekano
Ubwa mbere, komeza ibitekerezo byo hasi hanyuma ufate iyambere mukurinda no kugenzura ingaruka.Inganda zidafite ferrous zifite ibintu bisanzwe biranga isoko, mpuzamahanga ndetse nubukungu.Kubwibyo, inganda zinganda zigomba kunoza imyumvire yo gukumira ingaruka, gushiraho ibitekerezo byo hasi, no kunoza urwego rwibikoresho byo gucunga ibyago.Ibigo byigenga bigomba kubaha isoko, gutinya isoko, no kugenzura imikorere yabyo.Ibigo "gusohoka" bigomba kumenyera byimazeyo amategeko mpuzamahanga yisoko, gukora gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa, no kwirinda guhigwa no kunigwa nigishoro cyimari yo mumahanga.Ibigo biterwa inkunga nabashinwa bigomba kwigira kuburambe n'amasomo.
Iya kabiri ni ukwihutisha inzira yo kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga ejo hazaza h’Ubushinwa no kuzamura imbaraga z’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’Ubushinwa."Nikel futures ibyabaye" byerekana akamaro nihutirwa mugutezimbere mumahanga mubyerekeranye nibyuma bidafite ferrous, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kuzamura amasahani mpuzamahanga ya aluminium, nikel, zinc nubundi bwoko bwihuta.Mu gishushanyo cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru, niba igihugu cy’ibikoresho gishobora kwemeza isoko ry’amasoko n’ibiciro by’ibiciro by’isoko rya "platform mpuzamahanga, gutanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kugurisha ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, hamwe n’ifaranga ry’amafaranga", ntabwo bizagaragaza gusa ishusho y’Ubushinwa ku isoko rikomeye. -ubucuruzi bwerekanwe, ariko kandi buzamura Ubushinwa ubwinshi bwibiciro byibiciro.Irashobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo gukumira imishinga iterwa inkunga nabashinwa.Byongeye kandi, birakenewe gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka zinganda za nikel, no kongera ubuhinzi bwimbuto zikomoka kuri nikel.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-12-2022