Inkunga ya tekiniki

Gushonga Ikoranabuhanga

Gushonga tekinoroji

Kugeza ubu, gushonga ibicuruzwa bitunganya umuringa muri rusange bifata itanura ryo gushonga, kandi rikanakoresha itanura rya reverberatory no gushongesha itanura.

Gucana itanura rya induction birakwiriye kubwoko bwose bw'umuringa n'umuringa, kandi bifite ibiranga gushonga neza no kwemeza ubwiza bwashonga. Ukurikije imiterere y'itanura, itanura rya induction rigabanyijemo itanura ryibanze hamwe n’itanura ryinjira. Itanura rya induction rifite amabara afite ibiranga umusaruro mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, kandi birakwiriye guhora gushonga muburyo bumwe bwumuringa numuringa, nkumuringa utukura numuringa. Itanura ritagira intangiriro rifite ibiranga umuvuduko wo gushyushya byihuse no gusimbuza byoroshye ubwoko bwa alloy. Irakwiriye gushonga umuringa n'umuringa bivanze hamwe no gushonga cyane hamwe nubwoko butandukanye, nkumuringa na cupronickel.

Itanura rya Vacuum ni itanura ryinjira rifite sisitemu ya vacuum, ibereye gushonga umuringa n'umuringa byoroshye guhumeka no okiside, nk'umuringa udafite ogisijeni, umuringa wa beryllium, bronze ya zirconium, umuringa wa magnesium, n'ibindi kuri vacuum.

Gucana itanura rya reverberatory birashobora gutunganya no gukuraho umwanda ushonga, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugushonga umuringa ushaje. Itanura rya shaft ni ubwoko bwihuta bwihuta bwo gushonga, bufite ibyiza byo gukora ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe no kuzimya itanura. Birashobora kugenzurwa; nta nzira yo gutunganya, kubwibyo byinshi mubikoresho fatizo bisabwa kuba umuringa wa cathode. Itanura rya shaft muri rusange rikoreshwa hamwe nimashini zihoraho zo guteramo, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa hamwe no gufata itanura rya kimwe cya kabiri.

Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yumuringa igaragarira cyane cyane mukugabanya igihombo cyaka cyibikoresho fatizo, kugabanya okiside no guhumeka gushonga, kuzamura ubwiza bwashonga, no gukoresha neza (igipimo cyo gushonga kw itanura ryinjira ni kinini kurenza 10 t / h), nini-nini (ubushobozi bwitanura rya induction irashobora kuba irenga 35 t / set), kuramba (ubuzima bwumurongo ni imyaka 1 kugeza 2) no kuzigama ingufu (gukoresha ingufu zinduction itanura riri munsi ya 360 kWt / t), itanura rifite ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho byangiza (CO gaze degassing), hamwe nitanura rya induction sensor ifata imiterere ya spray, ibikoresho byo kugenzura amashanyarazi bifata thyristor byerekezo byombi hiyongereyeho amashanyarazi ahinduranya, the gushyushya itanura, uko itanura rimeze hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumurima hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabaza, itanura ifata ifite ibikoresho bipima, kandi kugenzura ubushyuhe nukuri.

Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro - Umurongo wo gutemba

Umusaruro wumurongo wumuringa ucagaguye ni umurongo uhoraho wo gutemagura no gutemagura wagura igiceri kinini unyuze muri unoiler, ukata igiceri mubugari busabwa ukoresheje imashini icamo, hanyuma ukagisubiza mubice byinshi ukoresheje umuyaga. (Ububiko Rack) Koresha crane kugirango ubike imizingo hejuru yububiko

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Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro - umurongo ucamo

(OYA · 1 looper na swing ikiraro) ububiko na buffer

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(Imashini yo kunyerera) andika imashini isunika kugirango ihagarare kandi iranyerera

(Byihuta-uhindure intebe) Ibikoresho byo guhanahana ibikoresho

(Scrap winding device) Kata ibisigazwa


(swing Bridge na NO.2 looper) kubika ibikoresho no gukuraho itandukaniro ryubunini

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(gupakurura ikamyo, gupakira) gupakurura kaseti y'umuringa no gupakira

Ikoranabuhanga rishyushye

Gushyushya bishyushye bikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri bilet kuzunguruka ingoti zimpapuro, impapuro na file.

Ikoranabuhanga rishyushye

Ingot ibisobanuro byerekana fagitire igomba gutekereza kubintu nkubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa, igipimo cy’umusaruro, uburyo bwo guteramo, nibindi, kandi bifitanye isano nuburyo ibikoresho bizunguruka (nko gufungura umuzingo, umurambararo wa diameter, umuvuduko ukabije, imbaraga za moteri, hamwe nuburebure bwimeza) , n'ibindi. Mubisanzwe, ikigereranyo kiri hagati yubunini bwa ingot na diameter yumuzingo ni 1: (3.5 ~ 7): ubugari mubusanzwe bingana cyangwa inshuro nyinshi ubugari bwibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi ubugari nubunini bugomba kuba bikwiye byasuzumwe. Mubisanzwe, ubugari bwigisate bugomba kuba 80% yuburebure bwumubiri. Uburebure bwa ingot bugomba gutekerezwa muburyo bukurikije umusaruro. Muri rusange, tuvuze ko ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo kuzunguruka bushyushye bushobora kugenzurwa, igihe kirekire ingot, niko umusaruro utanga umusaruro n'umusaruro.

Ibisobanuro bya ingot byibiti bito n'ibiciriritse bitunganya umuringa muri rusange (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, naho uburemere bwa ingot ni 1.5 ~ 3 t; ibisobanuro bya ingot byinganda nini zitunganya umuringa Mubisanzwe, ni (150 ~ 250) mm × (630 ~ 1250) mm × (2400 ~ 8000) mm, naho uburemere bwimbuto ni 4.5 ~ 20 t.

Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka gishyushye, ubushyuhe bwubuso burazamuka cyane mugihe umuzingo uhuye nigice cyo hejuru cy'ubushyuhe. Kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwumuriro no kugabanuka gukonje bitera gucikamo no guturika hejuru yumuzingo. Kubwibyo, gukonjesha no gusiga bigomba gukorwa mugihe cyo gushyuha. Mubisanzwe, amazi cyangwa emulsiyo yo hasi ikoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta. Igipimo rusange cyakazi cyo kuzunguruka ni 90% kugeza 95%. Ubunini bwumurongo ushyushye muri rusange ni mm 9 kugeza kuri 16. Gusya hejuru yumurongo nyuma yo kuzunguruka birashobora gukuraho ibice bya oxyde yubuso, ubwinshi bwinjira nubundi busembwa bwubuso bwakozwe mugihe cyo gutara, gushyushya no kuzunguruka. Ukurikije ubukana bwubuso bwubuso bwumurongo ushyushye hamwe nibikenewe mubikorwa, ingano yo gusya kuri buri ruhande ni 0,25 kugeza 0.5 mm.

Urusyo rushyushye rusanzwe ni ebyiri-ndende cyangwa enye-zisubira inyuma. Hamwe no kwaguka kwa ingot no gukomeza kwagura uburebure bwumurongo, urwego rwo kugenzura nimirimo yuruganda rushyushye rufite icyerekezo cyo gukomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere, nko gukoresha igenzura ryububiko bwikora, kuzunguruka hydraulic, imbere n'inyuma umuzingo uhagaritse, gusa gukonjesha gukonjesha utarinze gukonjesha ibikoresho bya Rolling, ibikoresho bya TP (Taper Pis-ton Roll) kugenzura ikamba, kuzimya kumurongo (kuzimya) nyuma yo kuzunguruka, gutondeka kumurongo hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga kugirango tunoze uburinganire bwimiterere yimitungo n'imitungo kandi ubone ibyiza isahani.

Ikoranabuhanga

Ikoranabuhanga

Gutera umuringa n'umuringa muri rusange bigabanyijemo: guhagarikwa guhagaritse igice gikomeza, guhagarikwa guhoraho, gutambuka gutambitse, gutambuka hejuru hamwe no gukoresha ubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji.

A. Vertical Semi-ikomeza gukina
Vertical semi-continuing casting ifite ibiranga ibikoresho byoroheje nibikorwa byoroshye, kandi birakwiriye guteramo ibice bitandukanye bizengurutse umuringa n'umuringa. Uburyo bwo guhererekanya imashini ihagaritse igice gikomeza imashini igabanijwemo hydraulic, screw screw nu mugozi. Kuberako imiyoboro ya hydraulic ihagaze neza, yakoreshejwe cyane. Crystallizer irashobora kunyeganyezwa hamwe na amplitude hamwe na frequency zitandukanye nkuko bisabwa. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwa kimwe cya kabiri gikomeza gukoreshwa mu gukora umuringa n'umuringa.

B. Vertical yuzuye Gukomeza gukina
Vertical full continuing casting ifite ibiranga umusaruro mwinshi n'umusaruro mwinshi (hafi 98%), bikwiranye n’umusaruro munini kandi uhoraho wimbuto hamwe nubwoko bumwe kandi bwihariye, kandi urimo kuba bumwe muburyo nyamukuru bwo gutoranya gushonga no gutara inzira kumurongo wa kijyambere nini yumuringa. Ihagaritse yuzuye ikomeza gushushanya ifata idahuza laser yamazi urwego rwikora. Imashini ya casting isanzwe ifata hydraulic clamping, guhererekanya imashini, kumurongo ukonjesha amavuta yumushi wumye hamwe no gukusanya chip, gushiraho mu buryo bwikora, no kugoreka ingot. Imiterere iragoye kandi urwego rwo kwikora ruri hejuru.

C. Gutambika gutambitse
Gutambuka gutambitse gutambitse birashobora kubyara fagitire.
Gukata umurongo utambitse uhoraho urashobora kubyara umuringa n'umuringa uvanze n'ubugari bwa 14-20mm. Imirongo iri murwego rwubugari irashobora guhita ikonjeshwa bitarinze gushyuha, kubwibyo bikoreshwa kenshi mukubyara ibinure bigoye gushyukwa (nka tin. Umuringa wa Fosifore, umuringa uyobora, nibindi), birashobora kandi kubyara umuringa, cupronickel hamwe n'umuringa muto wavanze umuringa. Ukurikije ubugari bwumurongo wa casting, horizontal ikomeza guterana irashobora gutera imirongo 1 kugeza kuri 4 icyarimwe. Imashini ikoreshwa cyane itambitse ikomeza guteramo imirongo ibiri icyarimwe, buri kimwe gifite ubugari buri munsi ya mm 450, cyangwa gutera umurongo umwe ufite ubugari bwa mm 650-900. Gutambika gutambitse guhoraho gutondeka muri rusange gufata inzira yo gukurura-guhagarika-guhindukira gusunika, kandi hariho imirongo ya kristalisiyoneri ku gihe, igomba gukurwaho no gusya. Hano hari ingero zo murugo zumuringa wo hejuru wumuringa ushobora kubyara mugushushanya no guterera impapuro zitarinze gusya.
Gorizontal ikomeza guteramo imiyoboro ya bili, inkoni hamwe ninsinga zishobora gutera ingoti 1 kugeza kuri 20 icyarimwe ukurikije ibivanze bitandukanye nibisobanuro. Mubisanzwe, diameter yumubari cyangwa insinga irimo ubusa ni mm 6 kugeza 400, naho diameter yo hanze yigituba irimo ubusa ni mm 25 kugeza 300. Uburebure bwurukuta ni mm 5-50, naho uburebure bwuruhande rwa ingot ni 20-300 mm. Ibyiza byuburyo bukomeza bwo gutara ni uko inzira ari ngufi, igiciro cyo gukora ni gito, kandi umusaruro urakabije. Muri icyo gihe, nuburyo bukenewe bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bivanze hamwe nubushyuhe buke. Vuba aha, nuburyo bwibanze bwo gukora fagitire yibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu muringa nka tin-fosifore y'umuringa, imirongo ya zinc-nikel, hamwe na fosifore-deoxidiside y'umuringa uhumeka. uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro.
Ingaruka zuburyo butambitse bwo gutondeka uburyo butambitse ni: ubwoko buboneye bwa alloy bworoshye buroroshye cyane, gukoresha ibikoresho bya grafite muburyo bwimbere bwimbere ni binini cyane, kandi uburinganire bwimiterere ya kristaline yibice byambukiranya ingot ntabwo aribyo kugenzura. Igice cyo hepfo ya ingot gikomeza gukonjeshwa bitewe ningaruka za rukuruzi, zegeranye nurukuta rwimbere rwikibumbano, kandi ibinyampeke nibyiza; igice cyo hejuru giterwa no gushiraho icyuho cyikirere hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga, bitera gutinda gukomera kwa ingot, bigabanya umuvuduko wo gukonjesha kandi bigatuma ingoteri ikomera. Imiterere ya kristalline isa naho ari ntoya, igaragara cyane cyane ku binini binini. Urebye ibitagenda neza hejuru, uburyo bwo guhanagura guhagarikwa hamwe na bilet burimo gutezwa imbere. Isosiyete yo mu Budage yakoresheje verticale igoramye ikomeza kwipimisha (16-18) mm × 680 mm amabati y'umuringa nka DHP na CuSn6 ku muvuduko wa mm 600 / min.

D. Hejuru Gukomeza Gukina
Hejuru ya casting ikomeza ni tekinoroji ya casting yateye imbere byihuse mumyaka 20 kugeza 30 ishize, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukora fagitire zinsinga zumuringa wumuringa. Ikoresha ihame rya vacuum suction casting kandi ikoresha tekinoroji yo guhagarika gukurura kugirango ikomeze imitwe myinshi. Ifite ibiranga ibikoresho byoroshye, ishoramari rito, gutakaza ibyuma bike, hamwe nuburyo buke bwo kwangiza ibidukikije. Gukomeza gutera hejuru bikwiranye no gukora umuringa utukura hamwe na bili ya ogisijeni idafite umuringa. Ibyagezweho bishya byateye imbere mumyaka yashize nukwamamara no kuyishyira mubikorwa binini bya diameter nini, umuringa na cupronickel. Kugeza ubu, hateguwe igice cyo hejuru gikomeza guterana hamwe n’umwaka wa t t 5.000 na diametero irenga mm 100; binary isanzwe y'umuringa na zinc-yera y'umuringa ternary alloy wire bilet yakozwe, kandi umusaruro wibyuma byinsinga urashobora kugera kuri 90%.
E. Ubundi buryo bwo gukina
Ikoranabuhanga rihoraho rya casting ririmo gutezwa imbere. Iratsinda inenge nkibimenyetso bya slub byakozwe hejuru yinyuma ya bilet kubera guhagarika-gukurura inzira yo gukomeza guterana hejuru, kandi ubwiza bwubuso ni bwiza. Kandi kubera hafi yicyerekezo kiranga icyerekezo, imiterere yimbere irasa kandi yera, imikorere yibicuruzwa nayo ni nziza. Tekinoroji yo gukora muburyo bwumukandara uhoraho wo guta umuringa wire bilet yakoreshejwe cyane mumirongo minini yumusaruro uri hejuru ya toni 3. Ubuso bwambukiranya igice cya plaque muri rusange burenga mm2 2000, kandi bugakurikirwa nurusyo rukomeza ruzunguruka kandi rukora neza.
Gukora amashanyarazi bya elegitoroniki byageragejwe mu gihugu cyanjye guhera mu myaka ya za 70, ariko umusaruro w’inganda ntiwagerwaho. Mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji ya electromagnetic ikora itera imbere cyane. Kugeza ubu, umuringa wa ogisijeni utagira ogisijeni wa mm 200 watanzwe neza kandi neza. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka zikurura umurima wa electromagnetique kumashanyarazi zirashobora guteza imbere gukuramo umunaniro no gukuramo ibicuruzwa, kandi umuringa utagira ogisijeni ufite ogisijeni uri munsi ya 0.001% urashobora kuboneka.
Icyerekezo cya tekinolojiya mishya mvaruganda ni ugutezimbere imiterere binyuze muburyo bukomeye, gukomera byihuse, gushiraho igice, gukomera kwa electromagnetic, kuvura metamorphic, kugenzura byikora urwego rwamazi nubundi buryo bwa tekiniki ukurikije igitekerezo cyo gukomera. , kwiyegereza, kwezwa, no kumenya ibikorwa bikomeza no gushinga impera.
Mu gihe kirekire, gutoranya umuringa n'umuringa bizaba hamwe hamwe na tekinoroji ya casting ikomeza hamwe na tekinoroji yuzuye ikomeza, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha tekinoroji ikomeza izakomeza kwiyongera.

Ubukonje bukonje

Ukurikije ibizunguruka byerekanwe hamwe nuburyo bwo kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka bikonje bigabanijwemo uburabyo, kuzunguruka hagati no kurangiza kuzunguruka. Inzira yo gukonjesha imbeho ikozwe hamwe nuburebure bwa mm 14 kugeza kuri 16 hamwe na bilet ishyushye ifite umubyimba wa mm 5 kugeza kuri 16 kugeza kuri mm 2 kugeza kuri 6 byitwa uburabyo, kandi inzira yo gukomeza kugabanya umubyimba wa Igice kizunguye cyitwa kuzunguruka hagati. , ubukonje bwa nyuma bukonje kugirango bujuje ibisabwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye byitwa kurangiza.

Uburyo bukonje bukonje bugomba kugenzura sisitemu yo kugabanya (igipimo cyuzuye cyo gutunganya, igipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa nigipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byarangiye) ukurikije ibinyomoro bitandukanye, ibisobanuro byihariye hamwe nibisabwa kurangiza ibicuruzwa, hitamo neza kandi uhindure imiterere yumuzingo, kandi uhitemo neza amavuta. uburyo n'amavuta. Gupima impagarara no guhinduka.

Ubuhanga bukonje

Urusyo ruzunguruka rukonje rusanzwe rukoresha bine-ndende cyangwa nyinshi-zisubiza inyuma. Uruganda rukonje rugezweho rusanzwe rukoresha urukurikirane rwikoranabuhanga nka hydraulic positif na negative rondinging, kugenzura mu buryo bwikora umubyimba, umuvuduko hamwe nimpagarara, kugenda kwa axe kuzunguruka, gukonjesha igice cyizingo, kugenzura mu buryo bwikora imiterere yibisahani, no guhuza byikora ibice byizunguruka. , kugirango uburinganire bwukuri bushobora kunozwa. Kugera kuri 0,25 ± 0.005 mm no muri 5I yuburyo bwa plaque.

Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ikonjesha rigaragarira mugutezimbere no gushyira mubikorwa urusyo rwinshi-rudasanzwe, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzunguruka, uburebure bwuzuye bwimyambarire no kugenzura imiterere, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryabafasha nko gukonjesha, gusiga, gutondeka, gushira hamwe no kwihuta cyane impinduka. gutunganya, n'ibindi.

Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro-Itanura

Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro-Itanura

Itanura rya jar hamwe nitanura ryo guterura bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda no kugerageza. Mubisanzwe, ingufu nini kandi gukoresha ingufu nini. Ku nganda zinganda, ibikoresho byo mu itanura rya Luoyang Sigma guterura itanura ni fibre ceramic, ifite ingaruka nziza zo kuzigama ingufu, gukoresha ingufu nke, no gukoresha ingufu nke. Bika amashanyarazi nigihe, bifite akamaro ko kongera umusaruro.

Imyaka 25 irashize, BRANDS yo mu Budage na Philips, isosiyete ikomeye mu nganda zikora ferrite, bafatanyije gukora imashini nshya yo gucumura. Iterambere ryibi bikoresho ryita kubikenewe bidasanzwe byinganda za ferrite. Muri iki gikorwa, BRANDS Bell Furnace ikomeje kuvugururwa.

Yita kubikenewe byamasosiyete azwi kwisi yose nka Philips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, nibindi, nabyo byungukira cyane mubikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bya BRANDS.

Bitewe no guhagarara neza kwibicuruzwa byakozwe nitanura ryinzogera, itanura ry inzogera ryabaye ibigo byambere mubikorwa byinganda zikora ferrite. Imyaka 25 irashize, itanura ryambere ryakozwe na BRANDS riracyatanga ibicuruzwa byiza cyane kuri Philips.

Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga itanura ryicanwa ritangwa nitanura ryinzogera nubushobozi bwaryo bwo hejuru. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge hamwe nibindi bikoresho bigize urwego rwuzuye rukora, rushobora kuzuza byimazeyo ibisabwa hafi yinganda zigezweho zinganda za ferrite.

Abakiriya b'itanura rya jar barashobora guteganya no kubika ubushyuhe / ikirere icyo ari cyo cyose gisabwa kugirango habeho ibicuruzwa byiza. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya barashobora kandi gukora ibindi bicuruzwa mugihe gikurikije ibikenewe, bityo bikagabanya ibihe byo kuyobora no kugabanya ibiciro. Ibikoresho byo gucumura bigomba guhinduka neza kugirango bitange ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kugirango bikomeze guhuza ibikenewe nisoko. Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bihuye bigomba kubyazwa umusaruro ukurikije ibyo umukiriya ku giti cye akeneye.

Uruganda rwiza rwa ferrite rushobora kubyara magnesi zirenga 1000 zitandukanye kugirango zihuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya. Ibi bisaba ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo inzira yo gucumura neza. Sisitemu yo gutanura ya jar yahindutse itanura risanzwe kubantu bose bakora ferrite.

Mu nganda za ferrite, ayo matanura akoreshwa cyane cyane mugukoresha ingufu nke na μ agaciro ferrite, cyane cyane mubikorwa byitumanaho. Ntibishoboka kubyara cores nziza zidafite itanura ryinzogera.

Itanura ry'inzogera risaba abakora bike mugihe cyo gucumura, gupakira no gupakurura birashobora kurangira kumanywa, kandi gucumura birashobora kurangira nijoro, bigatuma amashanyarazi yogosha cyane, ibyo bikaba ari ingirakamaro cyane mugihe ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi muri iki gihe. Itanura rya jar ritanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, kandi ishoramari ryose ryiyongera risubizwa vuba kubera ibicuruzwa byiza. Kugenzura ubushyuhe nikirere, gushushanya itanura no kugenzura umwuka mubi mu itanura byose byahujwe neza kugirango ibicuruzwa bishyushye kandi bikonje. Kugenzura ikirere cyaka mugihe cyo gukonjesha bifitanye isano itaziguye nubushyuhe bw itanura kandi birashobora kwemeza ogisijeni ya 0.005% cyangwa munsi yayo. Kandi ibi nibintu abanywanyi bacu badashobora gukora.

Turabikesha uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutangiza gahunda ya alfunumeric, inzira ndende yo gucumura irashobora kwigana byoroshye, bityo bigatuma ubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Iyo kugurisha ibicuruzwa, nabyo birerekana ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura ubushyuhe

Ubuhanga bwo kuvura ubushyuhe

Ingobyi nkeya (imirongo) hamwe no gutandukanya cyane dendrite cyangwa guhagarika umutima, nka bronze ya tin-fosifore, bigomba gukorerwa annealing idasanzwe ya homogenisation, ubusanzwe ikorerwa mu itanura ry'inzogera. Ubushyuhe bwa homogenisation buri hagati ya 600 na 750 ° C.
Kugeza ubu, igice kinini cyo hagati (rerystallisation annealing) hamwe no kurangiza (annealing kugirango ugenzure leta n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa) by'imigozi ivanze n'umuringa birasa neza no kurinda gaze. Ubwoko bw'itanura burimo itanura ry'inzogera, itanura ryo mu kirere, itanura rihagaze, n'ibindi.

Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya ubushyuhe rigaragarira muburyo bushyushye kumurongo wo kuvura imiti igabanya ubukana bwimvura hamwe nubuhanga bukurikira bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, guhorana umucyo mwinshi hamwe no guhagarika umutima mukirere gikingira.

Kuzimya-Kuvura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane cyane mugukoresha ubushyuhe bwo kuvura imbaraga zumuringa. Binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe, ibicuruzwa bihindura microstructure kandi bikabona ibintu byihariye bisabwa. Hamwe niterambere ryimbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubushuhe buhebuje, uburyo bwo kuzimya-gusaza bizashyirwa mubikorwa. Ibikoresho byo kuvura bishaje birasa nkibikoresho bya annealing.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Extrusion

Ikoranabuhanga rya Extrusion

Gukuramo ni umuringa ukuze kandi wateye imbere hamwe n'umuringa wa aliyumu, inkoni, umusaruro wumwirondoro hamwe nuburyo bwo gutanga bilet. Muguhindura ipfa cyangwa ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutobora perforasiyo, ubwoko butandukanye bwimvange hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwambukiranya ibice bishobora gusohoka muburyo butaziguye. Binyuze mu gusohora, imiterere yabakinnyi ba ingot ihindurwa muburyo butunganijwe, kandi umuyoboro wa tariyeri wasohotse hamwe na billet ya barlet ifite uburinganire buhanitse, kandi imiterere ni nziza kandi imwe. Uburyo bwo gukuramo ni uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro busanzwe bukoreshwa mu miyoboro yo mu gihugu no hanze y’umuringa n’abakora inkoni.

Guhimba umuringa ukorwa cyane cyane n’abakora imashini mu gihugu cyanjye, cyane cyane harimo guhimba ku buntu no gupfa impimbano, nk'ibikoresho binini, ibyuma by’inyo, inyo, impeta y'ibikoresho bya syncronizer, n'ibindi.

Uburyo bwo gukuramo bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: gusohora imbere, gusubiza inyuma no gusohora bidasanzwe. Muri byo, hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gusohora imbere, gukuramo ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mugukora inkoni ntoya nini nini nini nini hamwe ninsinga, kandi gusohora bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa bidasanzwe.

Iyo gusohora, ukurikije imiterere ya alloy, ibisabwa bya tekiniki byibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze, hamwe nubushobozi nuburyo imiterere ya extruder, ubwoko, ingano hamwe na coefficient ya ingot igomba guhitamo neza, kugirango urwego rwo guhindura ibintu rube munsi ya 85%. Ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo no kwihuta ni byo bipimo fatizo byibikorwa byo gusohora, kandi igipimo cy’ubushyuhe gikwiye kigomba kugenwa ukurikije igishushanyo cya plastike nigishushanyo mbonera cyicyuma. Ku muringa n'umuringa, ubushyuhe bwo gusohora buri hagati ya 570 na 950 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwo kuva mu muringa bukaba buri hejuru ya 1000 kugeza 1050 ° C. Ugereranije nubushyuhe bwa silinderi yo gushyushya ubushyuhe bwa 400 kugeza 450 ° C, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yibi byombi ni hejuru. Niba umuvuduko wo gusohora utinda cyane, ubushyuhe bwubuso bwa ingot buzagabanuka vuba cyane, bikavamo kwiyongera kutaringaniye kwicyuma gitemba, ibyo bikazatuma kwiyongera kwimitwaro yo gukuramo, ndetse bigatera ibintu birambiranye . Kubwibyo, umuringa n'umuringa bivangwa muri rusange bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwihuta, umuvuduko wo gusohora urashobora kugera kuri mm 50 / s.
Iyo imiringa y'umuringa n'umuringa bisohotse, gukuramo ibishishwa bikoreshwa kenshi kugirango bikureho ubusembwa bwa ingot, kandi umubyimba wacyo ni m 1-2. Gufunga amazi muri rusange bikoreshwa mugusohoka kwa fagitire yo gusohora, kugirango ibicuruzwa bishobore gukonjeshwa mu kigega cy’amazi nyuma yo kuyikuramo, kandi hejuru y’ibicuruzwa ntibishobora kuba okiside, kandi gutunganya ubukonje birashobora gukorwa nta gutoragura. Ikunda gukoresha toni nini ya tonnage hamwe nigikoresho cyo gufata kimwe mugihe cyo gukuramo imiyoboro cyangwa insinga zifite uburemere bumwe burenga kg 500, kugirango bizamure neza umusaruro ushimishije hamwe numusaruro wuzuye mubikurikiranye. Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w'imiyoboro y'umuringa n'umuringa usanga ahanini ukoresha hydraulic hydrulic imbere ya sisitemu yo kwigenga hamwe na sisitemu yigenga ya perforasiyo (ibikorwa-bibiri) hamwe no kohereza pompe ya peteroli itaziguye, kandi umusaruro w'utubari usanga ahanini ushyiraho uburyo bwo gutobora bwigenga (igikorwa kimwe) kandi amavuta ya pompe yoherejwe. Horizontal hydraulic imbere cyangwa gusubiza inyuma. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa rya extruder ni 8-50 MN, kandi ubu ikunda kubyazwa umusaruro na toni nini ya toni nini hejuru ya 40 MN kugirango yongere uburemere bumwe bwa ingot, bityo bizamura umusaruro numusaruro.

Ibisohokayandikiro bya hydraulic bigezweho bigizwe nuburyo bwubatswe hamwe nicyubahiro cyuzuye, ingunguru yo gukuramo "X" kuyobora no gushyigikirwa, yubatswe muri sisitemu yo gutobora, urushinge rwo gutobora imbere gukonjesha, kunyerera cyangwa kuzunguruka bipfa kwihuta, ibikoresho bihindura imbaraga za pompe yamavuta gutwara, guhuza logic valve, kugenzura PLC hamwe nubundi buhanga bugezweho, ibikoresho bifite ibisobanuro bihanitse, imiterere yoroheje, imikorere ihamye, guhuza umutekano, kandi byoroshye kumenya kugenzura gahunda. Ikoranabuhanga rihoraho (Conform) ryateye imbere mu myaka icumi ishize, cyane cyane mu gukora utubari tumeze nk'udukingirizo twa moteri, bitanga icyizere cyane. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gukuramo ryateye imbere byihuse, kandi iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo gukuramo rikubiyemo ibi bikurikira: (1) Ibikoresho byo gukuramo. Imbaraga zo gusohora imashini zisohora zizatera imbere mu cyerekezo kinini, kandi imashini yo gusohora irenga 30MN izahinduka umubiri nyamukuru, kandi gutangiza umurongo w’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bizakomeza gutera imbere. Imashini za kijyambere zigezweho zafashe gahunda yo kugenzura porogaramu za mudasobwa no kugenzura porogaramu zishobora gukoreshwa, ku buryo umusaruro ugenda utera imbere cyane, abayikora baragabanuka ku buryo bugaragara, ndetse birashoboka ko umuntu ashobora kumenya imikorere idafite abadereva y’umurongo utanga umusaruro.

Imiterere yumubiri wa extruder nayo yagiye ikomeza kunozwa no gutunganywa. Mumyaka yashize, bamwe batambitse batambitse bafashe icyemezo cyubahwa kugirango barebe neza imiterere rusange. Extruder igezweho itahura inzira nuburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu. Extruder ifite ibikoresho bibiri byo gukuramo (shitingi nyamukuru yo gukuramo no gupfa). Mugihe cyo gukuramo, silinderi yo gukuramo igenda hamwe nigiti kinini. Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa ni Icyerekezo gisohoka gihuza nicyerekezo cyimuka cyumutwe nyamukuru kandi kinyuranye nicyerekezo cyimuka cyerekezo cyurupfu. Urupfu rwibanze rwa extruder narwo rwemeza iboneza rya sitasiyo nyinshi, ntabwo byorohereza gusa gupfa, ahubwo binatezimbere umusaruro. Ibisohokayandikiro bigezweho bifashisha igikoresho cyo kugenzura ibyuma bya laser, bitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kumiterere yumurongo wo hagati, ibyo bikaba byoroshye guhinduka mugihe kandi byihuse. Umuvuduko ukabije wa pompe itwara-hydraulic imashini ikoresha amavuta nkibikoresho bikora byasimbuye burundu imashini ya hydraulic. Ibikoresho byo gukuramo nabyo bihora bivugururwa hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji yo gukuramo. Urushinge rwamazi yo gukonjesha imbere rwatejwe imbere cyane, kandi impinduka zambukiranya ibice no gutobora urushinge bizamura cyane amavuta yo gusiga. Ibumba ryibumba hamwe nububiko bwibyuma bifite ubuzima burebure hamwe nubuziranenge bwo hejuru burakoreshwa cyane.

Ibikoresho byo gukuramo nabyo bihora bivugururwa hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji yo gukuramo. Urushinge rwamazi yo gukonjesha imbere rwatejwe imbere cyane, kandi impinduka zambukiranya ibice no gutobora urushinge bizamura cyane amavuta yo gusiga. Gukoresha ibumba ryibumba hamwe nibyuma byibyuma bifite ubuzima burebure hamwe nubuziranenge bwo hejuru burakunzwe cyane. (2) Uburyo bwo kubyara ibicuruzwa. Ubwoko nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa byakuweho bigenda byiyongera. Gukuramo ibice bito, ultra-high-precision tubes, inkoni, imyirondoro hamwe na profili nini cyane byerekana neza ibicuruzwa bigaragara, bigabanya inenge yimbere yibicuruzwa, bigabanya igihombo cya geometrike, kandi bigateza imbere uburyo bwo gusohora nko gukora kimwe kimwe cyakorewe hanze. ibicuruzwa. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya tekinoroji naryo rirakoreshwa cyane. Ku byuma bya okiside byoroshye, hashyizweho kashe y’amazi, ishobora kugabanya umwanda uhumanya, kugabanya gutakaza ibyuma, no kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Kubicuruzwa bisohotse bigomba kuzimwa, gusa ugenzure ubushyuhe bukwiye. Uburyo bwo kuvoma kashe y'amazi burashobora kugera ku ntego, kugabanya neza umusaruro no kuzigama ingufu.
Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwa extruder hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, tekinoroji ya kijyambere yo gusohora yagiye ikoreshwa buhoro buhoro, nko gukuramo isothermal, gukonjesha bipfa kwihuta, kwihuta kwihuta hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji yo gusohora, gusubiza inyuma, gukuramo hydrostatike Gukoresha uburyo bukoreshwa bwa tekinoroji ikomeza. yo gukanda no Guhindura, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe nuburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibikoresho byo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubushyuhe, guteza imbere uburyo bushya nko gukuramo ibyuma bitaremereye hamwe no gusohora ubusa-buke, guteza imbere ibice bito byuzuye Ubukonje bukora ikoranabuhanga, nibindi, byatejwe imbere byihuse kandi byateye imbere cyane kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa.

Ikirangantego

Ikirangantego

Spectroscope nigikoresho cya siyansi kibora urumuri hamwe nibintu bigoye mumirongo igaragara. Itara ryamabara arindwi mumirasire yizuba nigice ijisho ryonyine rishobora gutandukanya (urumuri rugaragara), ariko niba urumuri rwizuba rwangirika na spekrometrike kandi rugatondekanya ukurikije uburebure bwumuraba, urumuri rugaragara rufite umwanya muto gusa murwego, naho ibindi ni ibice bidashobora gutandukanywa nijisho ryonyine, nk'imirasire ya infragre, microwave, imirasire ya UV, X-imirasire, nibindi. igikoresho cyumubare, kugirango tumenye ibintu bikubiye mu ngingo. Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mu kumenya umwanda uhumanya ikirere, umwanda w’amazi, isuku y’ibiribwa, inganda z’ibyuma, nibindi.

Spectrometer, izwi kandi nka spectrometer, izwi cyane nko gusoma bitaziguye. Igikoresho gipima ubukana bwimirongo yikurikiranya kumurambararo utandukanye hamwe na fotodetekeri nka fotomultiplier tubes. Igizwe n'ahantu ho kwinjira, sisitemu ikwirakwiza, sisitemu yo gufata amashusho hamwe na kimwe cyangwa byinshi byo gusohoka. Imirasire ya electromagnetique yumuriro wimirasire itandukanijwe mubice bisabwa byumurambararo cyangwa uburebure bwumurongo wikintu gitatanye, kandi ubukana bupimirwa kumurongo watoranijwe (cyangwa gusikana umurongo runaka). Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa monochromator na polychromator.

Kugerageza Igikoresho-Ikigereranyo

Kugerageza ibikoresho-bipima metero

Ikigeragezo cya digitale gifashwe nicyuma (metero yubushakashatsi) FD-101 ikoresha ihame ryo kumenya eddy igezweho kandi ikozwe muburyo bukurikije ibisabwa ninganda zikoreshwa ninganda zamashanyarazi. Yujuje ibipimo byo gupima inganda zicyuma mubijyanye nimikorere nukuri.

1. Eddy ya metero yimyitwarire ya FD-101 ifite bitatu byihariye:

1) Imashini yonyine yo gutwara abashinwa yatsinze igenzura ryikigo cyibikoresho byindege;

2) Imashini yonyine yubushinwa ishobora gutwara ibikenerwa ninganda zindege;

3) Imetero yonyine yo gutwara abashinwa yoherezwa mubihugu byinshi.

2. Intangiriro yimikorere yibicuruzwa:

1) Urwego runini rwo gupima: 6.9% IACS-110% IACS (4.0MS / m-64MS / m), yujuje ikizamini cyo gutwara ibintu byose bidafite fer.

2) Calibration yubwenge: byihuse kandi byukuri, wirinda rwose amakosa ya kalibrasi.

3) Igikoresho gifite indishyi nziza yubushyuhe: gusoma birahita bisubizwa agaciro kuri 20 ° C, kandi gukosora ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumakosa yabantu.

4) Guhagarara neza: ni umuzamu wawe kugenzura ubuziranenge.

5) Porogaramu yubwenge yubumuntu: Irakuzanira uburyo bwiza bwo gutahura hamwe nibikorwa bikomeye byo gutunganya no gukusanya amakuru.

6) Igikorwa cyoroshye: ahakorerwa umusaruro na laboratoire birashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hose, bigashimisha benshi mubakoresha.

7) Kwisimbuza ubwayo: Buri gicumbi gishobora kuba gifite ibikoresho byinshi, kandi abakoresha barashobora kubisimbuza igihe icyo aricyo cyose.

8) Imyanzuro yumubare: 0.1% IACS (MS / m)

9) Imigaragarire yo gupima icyarimwe yerekana agaciro ko gupima mubice bibiri bya% IACS na MS / m.

10) Ifite umurimo wo gufata amakuru yo gupima.

Ikizamini gikomeye

Ikizamini gikomeye

Igikoresho gikoresha igishushanyo cyihariye kandi gisobanutse mubukanishi, optique nisoko yumucyo, ibyo bigatuma amashusho yerekana indentation asobanutse kandi gupima neza. Byombi 20x na 40x bifite intego birashobora kugira uruhare mugupima, bigatuma intera yo gupima iba nini kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Igikoresho gifite ibikoresho bya microscope bipima sisitemu, bishobora kwerekana uburyo bwikizamini, imbaraga zipimisha, uburebure bwa indentation, agaciro gakomeye, imbaraga zipimisha zifata igihe, ibihe byo gupima, nibindi kuri ecran ya fluide, kandi ifite interineti ifite urudodo rushobora guhuzwa. kuri kamera ya digitale na kamera ya CCD. Ifite guhagararirwa mubicuruzwa byo murugo.

Ikizamini Cyibikoresho-Kurwanya

Kugerageza ibikoresho-birwanya ibikoresho

Igikoresho cyo gupima ibyuma birwanya ibyuma nigikoresho kinini cyo gupima ibipimo nkibikoresho, insinga irwanya amashanyarazi. Imikorere yacyo yujuje byuzuye ibisabwa bya tekiniki bijyanye na GB / T3048.2 na GB / T3048.4. Ikoreshwa cyane muri metallurgie, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, insinga na kabili, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kaminuza n'amashuri makuru, amashami yubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nizindi nganda.

Ibintu nyamukuru biranga igikoresho:
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(2) Kanda urufunguzo rimwe gusa, indangagaciro zose zapimwe zirashobora kuboneka nta kubara, bikwiranye no gukomeza, byihuse kandi byukuri;
(3) Igishushanyo gikoreshwa na bateri, ubunini buto, bworoshye gutwara, bubereye umurima n'umurima;
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