Ikoranabuhanga
Kugeza ubu, gushonga ibicuruzwa bitunganya umuringa muri rusange bifata itanura rya induction, kandi rikanakoresha itanura rya reverberatory hamwe no gutanura itanura.
Gucana itanura rya Induction birakwiriye kubwoko bwose bwumuringa nu muringa, kandi bifite ibiranga gushonga neza no kwemeza ubwiza bwashonga.Ukurikije itanura ryubatswe, itanura ryinjizwamo rigabanijwemo itanura ryibanze hamwe nitanura ridafite ishingiro.Itanura rya cuction induction rifite ibiranga umusaruro mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, kandi birakwiriye gushonga muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvanga umuringa numuringa, nkumuringa utukura numuringa.Itanura ritagira intangiriro rifite ibiranga umuvuduko wo gushyushya byihuse no gusimbuza byoroshye ubwoko bwa alloy.Birakwiriye gushonga umuringa n'umuringa hamwe no gushonga hejuru hamwe nubwoko butandukanye, nkumuringa na cupronickel.
Itanura rya Vacuum ni itanura ryinjizwamo ibikoresho bya vacuum, bikwiranye no gushonga umuringa n'umuringa byoroshye guhumeka no okiside, nk'umuringa utagira ogisijeni, umuringa wa beryllium, bronze ya zirconium, bronze ya magnesium, n'ibindi kuri vacuum.
Gucana itanura rya reverberatory birashobora gutunganya no kuvanaho umwanda ushonga, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugushongesha umuringa.Itanura rya shaft ni ubwoko bwihuta bwikomeza gushonga, bufite ibyiza byo gukora ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe no kuzimya itanura.Birashobora kugenzurwa;nta nzira yo gutunganya, kubwinshi mubikoresho fatizo bisabwa kuba umuringa wa cathode.Itanura rya shaft muri rusange rikoreshwa hamwe nimashini zihoraho zo guteramo, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa hamwe no gufata itanura rya kimwe cya kabiri.
Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yumuringa rigaragarira cyane cyane mukugabanya igihombo cyo gutwika ibikoresho fatizo, kugabanya okiside no guhumeka gushonga, kuzamura ubwiza bwashonga, no gukoresha neza (igipimo cyo gushonga kw itanura ryinjira ni kinini kurenza 10 t / h), nini-nini (ubushobozi bwitanura rya induction irashobora kurenza 35 t / gushiraho), kuramba (ubuzima bwumurongo ni 1 kugeza 2) no kuzigama ingufu (gukoresha ingufu zinduction itanura ntiriri munsi ya 360 kWt / t), itanura rifite ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho bitesha agaciro (CO gaze degassing), hamwe nitanura rya induction sensor ifata imiterere ya spray, ibikoresho byo kugenzura amashanyarazi byakira thyristor byongeweho byongeweho amashanyarazi, gushyushya itanura, uko itanura rimeze hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha umurima hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabaza, itanura rifata ibikoresho bipima, kandi kugenzura ubushyuhe birasobanutse neza.
Ibikoresho byo gukora - Umurongo ucagaguye
Umusaruro wumurongo wumuringa ucagaguye ni umurongo uhoraho wo gutembera no gutemagura wagura igiceri kinini unyuze muri unoiler, ukata coil mubugari busabwa unyuze mumashini ikata, hanyuma ukayihindura mubice byinshi unyuze mumashanyarazi. (Ububiko Rack) Koresha crane kugirango ubike imizingo hejuru yububiko
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(OYA · 1 looper na swing Bridge) ububiko na buffer
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(Imashini yo kunyerera) andika imashini isunika kugirango ihagarare
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(Guhindura byihuse intebe) Ibikoresho byo guhanahana ibikoresho
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(Igikoresho cyo gusiba ibikoresho) Kata ibisigazwa
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(swing Bridge na NO.2 looper) kubika ibikoresho no gukuraho itandukaniro ryubunini
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(gupakurura ikamyo, gupakira) gupakurura umuringa no gupakira
Ikoranabuhanga rishyushye
Gushyushya bishyushye bikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri bilet yo kuzunguza ingofero, impapuro hamwe na file.
Ingot ibisobanuro byerekana fagitire igomba gutekereza kubintu nkibicuruzwa bitandukanye, igipimo cyumusaruro, uburyo bwo gutara, nibindi, kandi bifitanye isano nuburyo ibikoresho bizunguruka (nko gufungura umuzingo, diameter, umuzingo wemewe, imbaraga za moteri, hamwe nuburebure bwimeza) , n'ibindi.Mubisanzwe, ikigereranyo kiri hagati yubunini bwa ingot na diametre yumuzingo ni 1: (3.5 ~ 7): ubugari mubusanzwe bingana cyangwa inshuro nyinshi ubugari bwibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi ubugari nubunini bugomba kuba bikwiye byasuzumwe.Mubisanzwe, ubugari bwigisate bugomba kuba 80% yuburebure bwumubiri.Uburebure bwa ingot bugomba gutekerezwa muburyo bukurikije umusaruro.Muri rusange, tuvuze ko ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo kuzunguruka bushyushye bushobora kugenzurwa, igihe kirekire ingot, niko umusaruro utanga umusaruro.
Ibisobanuro bya ingot byibiti bito n'ibiciriritse bitunganya umuringa muri rusange (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, naho uburemere bwa ingot ni 1.5 ~ 3 t;ibisobanuro bya ingot byibiti binini bitunganya umuringa Mubisanzwe, ni (150 ～ 250) mm × (630 ～ 1250) mm × (2400 ～ 8000) mm, naho uburemere bwimbuto ni 4.5 ～ 20 t.
Mugihe cyo gushyuha, ubushyuhe bwubuso burazamuka cyane mugihe umuzingo uhuye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwumuriro no kugabanuka gukonje bitera gucikamo ibice hejuru yumuzingo.Kubwibyo, gukonjesha no gusiga bigomba gukorwa mugihe cyo gushyuha.Mubisanzwe, amazi cyangwa emulsiyo yo hasi ikoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta.Igipimo rusange cyakazi cyo kuzunguruka gishyushye ni 90% kugeza 95%.Ubunini bwumurongo ushyushye ni 9 mm 16.Gusya hejuru yumurongo nyuma yo kuzunguruka birashobora gukuraho ibice bya oxyde yubuso, kwinjira kwinshi hamwe nubusembwa bwubuso bwakozwe mugihe cyo gutara, gushyushya no gushyushya.Ukurikije ubukana bwubuso bwubuso bwumurongo ushyushye hamwe nibikenewe mubikorwa, ingano yo gusya kuri buri ruhande ni 0,25 kugeza 0.5 mm.
Urusyo rushyushye rusanzwe ni ebyiri-ndende cyangwa enye-zisubiza inyuma.Hamwe no kwaguka kwa ingot no gukomeza kurambura uburebure bwumurongo, urwego rwo kugenzura nimirimo yuruganda rushyushye rufite icyerekezo cyo gukomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere, nko gukoresha igenzura ryububiko bwikora, kuzunguruka hydraulic, imbere n'inyuma umuzingo uhagaritse, gusa gukonjesha gukonjesha utabanje gukonjesha igikoresho cya Rolling, TP roll (Taper Pis-ton Roll) kugenzura ikamba, kuzimya kumurongo (kuzimya) nyuma yo kuzunguruka, gutondeka kumurongo hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga kugirango tunoze uburinganire bwimiterere yimitungo kandi ubone ibyiza isahani.
Ikoranabuhanga
Gutera umuringa n'umuringa muri rusange bigabanijwemo: guhagarikwa guhagaritse igice-gikomeza, guhagarikwa guhoraho, gutambuka gutambitse, guhora hejuru hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji.
A. Igice cya kabiri gihoraho
Vertical semi-continuing casting ifite ibiranga ibikoresho byoroheje nibikorwa byoroshye, kandi birakwiriye guterwa ibintu bitandukanye bizengurutse umuringa n'umuringa.Uburyo bwo guhererekanya imashini ihagaritse yimashini igabanijwemo hydraulic, screw screw nu mugozi.Kuberako imiyoboro ya hydraulic ihagaze neza, yakoreshejwe cyane.Crystallizer irashobora kunyeganyezwa hamwe na amplitude hamwe na frequency nkuko bisabwa.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwa kimwe cya kabiri gikomeza gukoreshwa mu gukora umuringa n'umuringa.
B. Vertical yuzuye Gukomeza Gukina
Vertical full continuing casting ifite ibiranga umusaruro mwinshi n'umusaruro mwinshi (hafi 98%), bikwiranye ninganda nini kandi ikomeza kubyara ingoteri hamwe nubwoko bumwe kandi busobanutse, kandi ikaba imwe muburyo nyamukuru bwo gutoranya gushonga no guta. inzira kumurongo wa kijyambere nini yumuringa.Ihagaritse yuzuye ikomeza gushiramo ifata idahuza laser urwego rwikora rwikora.Imashini ya casting isanzwe ifata hydraulic clamping, guhererekanya imashini, kumurongo ukonjesha amavuta yumye hamwe no gukusanya chip, gushiraho ikimenyetso, no kugoreka ingot.Imiterere iragoye kandi urwego rwo kwikora ruri hejuru.
C. Gutambuka gutambitse
Gutambika gutambitse gutambitse birashobora kubyara bilet.
Gukata umurongo uhoraho utambitse birashobora kubyara umuringa n'umuringa hamwe n'ubugari bwa 14-20mm.Imirongo iri murwego rwubugari irashobora guhita ikonjeshwa bidatinze, bityo rero bikoreshwa mugutanga ibinure bigoye gushyuha (nka tin. Umuringa wa Fosifore, umuringa uyobora, nibindi), birashobora kandi gukora umuringa, cupronickel hamwe n'umuringa muto wavanze umuringa.Ukurikije ubugari bwumurongo wa casting, gutambuka guhoraho gutambuka birashobora gutera imirongo 1 kugeza kuri 4 icyarimwe.Imashini zikoreshwa cyane zitambitse zirashobora guterera icyarimwe icyarimwe, buri kimwe gifite ubugari bwa mm 450, cyangwa guta umurongo umwe ufite ubugari bwa mm 650-900.Gutambuka gutambitse gutambitse muri rusange bifata inzira yo gukwega-guhagarika-gusunika, kandi hariho imirongo ya kristalisitiya hejuru, bigomba kuvaho no gusya.Hariho ingero zo murugo zumuringa muremure wumuringa ushobora kubyara mugushushanya no guterera impapuro zitabanje gusya.
Gorizontal ikomeza guteramo imiyoboro, inkoni hamwe ninsinga zishobora gutera ingoti 1 kugeza kuri 20 icyarimwe ukurikije ibivanze bitandukanye.Mubisanzwe, diameter yumurongo cyangwa insinga irimo ubusa ni mm 6 kugeza 400, naho diametre yinyuma yigituba ni mm 25 kugeza 300.Uburebure bwurukuta ni mm 5-50, naho uburebure bwuruhande rwa ingot ni 20-300 mm.Ibyiza byuburyo bukomeza bwo gutara ni uko inzira ari ngufi, igiciro cyo gukora ni gito, kandi umusaruro urakabije.Mugihe kimwe, nuburyo bukenewe bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bivanze bifite ubushyuhe buke.Vuba aha, nuburyo bwibanze bwo gukora fagitire yibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu muringa nka tin-fosifore y'umuringa, imirongo ya zinc-nikel, hamwe na fosifore-deoxidised y'umuringa uhumeka.uburyo bwo gukora.
Ingaruka zuburyo butambitse bwa horizontal uburyo bwo gukora ni: ubwoko bukwiranye nubwoko bworoshye bworoshye, gukoresha ibikoresho bya grafite muburyo bwimbere ni binini cyane, kandi uburinganire bwimiterere ya kristaline yibice byambukiranya ingot ntabwo kugenzura.Igice cyo hepfo ya ingot gikomeza gukonjeshwa bitewe ningaruka za rukuruzi, yegereye urukuta rwimbere rwikibumbano, kandi ibinyampeke nibyiza;igice cyo hejuru giterwa no gushiraho icyuho cyikirere hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga, bitera gutinda gukomera kwa ingot, bigabanya umuvuduko wo gukonjesha kandi bigatuma ingoteri ikomera.Imiterere ya kristaline irasa nkaho igaragara, igaragara cyane kubintu binini binini.Urebye amakosa yavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwo guhanagura guhagarikwa hamwe na bilet burimo gutezwa imbere.Isosiyete yo mu Budage yakoresheje verticale igororotse ikomeza kwipimisha (16-18) mm × 680 mm amabati ya bronze nka DHP na CuSn6 ku muvuduko wa mm 600 / min.
D. Hejuru Gukomeza Gukina
Hejuru ya casting ikomeza ni tekinoroji ya casting yateye imbere byihuse mumyaka 20 kugeza 30 ishize, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukora fagitire yinsinga zumuringa wumuringa.Ikoresha ihame rya vacuum suction casting kandi ikoresha tekinoroji yo guhagarika kugirango ikomeze imitwe myinshi.Ifite ibiranga ibikoresho byoroshye, ishoramari rito, gutakaza ibyuma bike, hamwe nuburyo buke bwo kwangiza ibidukikije.Gukomeza gutera hejuru bikwiranye no gukora umuringa utukura hamwe na biliside itagira ogisijeni.Ibyagezweho bishya byateye imbere mumyaka yashize nukwamamara no gukoreshwa muburyo bunini bwa diametre tube, umuringa na cupronickel.Kugeza ubu, hateguwe igice cyo hejuru gikomeza guterana hamwe na t 5000 yumwaka hamwe na diameter irenga mm 100;binini yumuringa usanzwe hamwe na zinc-yera y'umuringa ternary alloy wire bilet yakozwe, kandi umusaruro wibyuma ushobora kugera kuri 90%.
E. Ubundi buryo bwo gukina
Ikoranabuhanga rihoraho rya casting riratera imbere.Iratsinda inenge nkibimenyetso bya slub byakozwe hejuru yinyuma ya bilet bitewe nuburyo bwo guhagarika gukurura hejuru bikomeza, kandi ubwiza bwubuso ni bwiza.Kandi kuberako ibyerekezo byayo bigenda byiyongera, imiterere yimbere irasa kandi yera, imikorere yibicuruzwa nayo ni nziza.Tekinoroji yo gukora muburyo bwumukandara ikomeza guta umuringa wire bilet yakoreshejwe cyane mumirongo minini itanga umusaruro hejuru ya toni 3.Ubuso bwambukiranya igice cya plaque muri rusange burenga mm2 2000, kandi bugakurikirwa nurusyo rukomeza ruzunguruka kandi rukora neza.
Gukora amashanyarazi bya elegitoroniki byageragejwe mu gihugu cyanjye nko mu myaka ya za 70, ariko umusaruro w’inganda ntiwagerwaho.Mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji ya electromagnetic casting yateye imbere cyane.Kugeza ubu, umuringa utagira ogisijeni wa mm 200 wajugunywe neza neza.Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka zikurura umurima wa electromagnetique kumashanyarazi zirashobora gutuma umunaniro ukurwaho, kandi umuringa utagira ogisijeni urimo ogisijeni uri munsi ya 0.001% urashobora kuboneka.
Icyerekezo cya tekinolojiya mishya yumuringa ni ugutezimbere imiterere yibibumbano binyuze muburyo bwo gukomera, gukomera byihuse, gukora igice, gukomera kwa elegitoroniki, kuvura metamorphic, kugenzura byikora urwego rwamazi hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekiniki ukurikije igitekerezo cyo gukomera., kwiyegereza, kwezwa, no kumenya imikorere ikomeza no gushiraho hafi.
Mu gihe kirekire, guteranya umuringa n'umuringa bizaba hamwe hamwe na tekinoroji ikomeza ya tekinoroji hamwe na tekinoroji ikomeza, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha tekinoroji ikomeza izakomeza kwiyongera.
Ubukonje bukonje
Ukurikije ibizunguruka byerekanwe hamwe nuburyo bwo kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka gukonje bigabanijwemo uburabyo, kuzunguruka hagati no kurangiza kuzunguruka.Inzira yo gukonjesha ikonje ifite uburebure bwa mm 14 kugeza kuri 16 hamwe na bilet ishyushye ifite umubyimba wa mm 5 kugeza kuri 16 kugeza kuri mm 2 kugeza kuri 6 byitwa uburabyo, kandi inzira yo gukomeza kugabanya umubyimba wa Igice kizungurutse cyitwa kuzunguruka hagati., ubukonje bwa nyuma buzuza ibisabwa kubicuruzwa byarangiye byitwa kurangiza.
Inzira ikonje ikenera kugenzura sisitemu yo kugabanya (igipimo cyuzuye cyo gutunganya, igipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa nigipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byarangiye) ukurikije ibivanze bitandukanye, ibisobanuro byihariye hamwe nibisabwa kurangiza ibicuruzwa, guhitamo neza no guhindura imiterere, hanyuma ugahitamo neza amavuta. uburyo n'amavuta.Gupima impagarara no guhinduka.
Urusyo rukonje rukonje rusanzwe rukoresha insyo enye-ndende cyangwa nyinshi-zisubiza inyuma.Uruganda rukonje rugezweho rusanzwe rukoresha urukurikirane rwikoranabuhanga nka hydraulic positif na negative rondinginging, kugenzura byikora kubyimbye, umuvuduko no guhagarika umutima, kugendagenda kumutwe, gukonjesha ibice byimiterere, no guhuza ibice byizunguruka. , kugirango uburinganire bwumurongo bushobore kunozwa.Kugera kuri 0,25 ± 0.005 mm no muri 5I yuburyo bwa plaque.
Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ikonje igaragarira mugutezimbere no gushyira mu bikorwa urusyo rwuzuye-ruganda, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzunguruka, ubugari bwuzuye bwimigozi no kugenzura imiterere, hamwe nubuhanga bufasha nko gukonjesha, gusiga, gutondeka, gushira hamwe no kuzunguruka byihuse impinduka.gutunganya, n'ibindi.
Ibikoresho byo gukora-Itanura rya Bell
Itanura rya jar hamwe nitanura ryizamura mubusanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda no kugerageza.Mubisanzwe, imbaraga nini kandi gukoresha ingufu nini.Ku nganda zinganda, ibikoresho byo mu itanura rya Luoyang Sigma guterura itanura ni fibre ceramic, ifite ingaruka nziza zo kuzigama ingufu, gukoresha ingufu nke, no gukoresha ingufu nke.Bika amashanyarazi nigihe, bifite akamaro ko kongera umusaruro.
Imyaka 25 irashize, Ubudage bwa BRANDS na Philips, isosiyete ikomeye mu nganda zikora ferrite, bafatanije imashini nshya yo gucumura.Iterambere ryibi bikoresho ryita kubikenewe bidasanzwe byinganda za ferrite.Muri iki gikorwa, BRANDS Bell Furnace ikomeza kuvugururwa.
Yita kubikenewe byamasosiyete azwi kwisi nka Philips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, nibindi nabyo byungukira cyane mubikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bya BRANDS.
Bitewe no guhagarara neza kwibicuruzwa byakozwe nitanura ryinzogera, itanura ry inzogera ryabaye ibigo byambere mubikorwa byinganda zikora ferrite.Imyaka 25 irashize, itanura ryambere ryakozwe na BRANDS riracyatanga ibicuruzwa byiza bya Philips.
Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga itanura ryicanwa ritangwa nitanura ryinzogera nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge hamwe nibindi bikoresho bigize igice cyuzuye gikora, gishobora kuzuza byimazeyo ibisabwa hafi yinganda zikora inganda za ferrite.
Abakiriya ba Bell jar itanura barashobora guteganya no kubika ubushyuhe / ikirere icyo aricyo cyose gisabwa kugirango habeho ibicuruzwa byiza.Byongeye kandi, abakiriya barashobora kandi kubyara ibindi bicuruzwa mugihe gikurikije ibikenewe, bityo bikagabanya ibihe byo kuyobora no kugabanya ibiciro.Ibikoresho byo gucumura bigomba kugira ihinduka ryiza kugirango bitange ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kugirango bikomeze guhuza ibikenewe nisoko.Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bihuye bigomba kubyazwa umusaruro ukurikije ibyo umukiriya ku giti cye akeneye.
Uruganda rwiza rwa ferrite rushobora kubyara magnesi zirenga 1000 kugirango zihuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya.Ibi bisaba ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo inzira yo gucumura neza.Sisitemu yo gutanura ya jar yahindutse itanura risanzwe kubantu bose bakora ferrite.
Mu nganda za ferrite, ayo matanura akoreshwa cyane cyane mukoresha ingufu nke na μ agaciro ferrite, cyane cyane mubikorwa byitumanaho.Ntibishoboka kubyara cores nziza zidafite itanura ryinzogera.
Itanura ry'inzogera risaba abakora bike mugihe cyo gucumura, gupakira no gupakurura birashobora kurangira kumanywa, kandi gucumura birashobora kurangira nijoro, bigatuma amashanyarazi yogosha cyane, ibyo bikaba ari ingirakamaro mugihe ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi muri iki gihe.Itanura rya jar ritanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, kandi ishoramari ryose ryongeye kugarurwa vuba kubera ibicuruzwa byiza.Kugenzura ubushyuhe nikirere, gushushanya itanura no kugenzura umwuka mubi mu itanura byose byahujwe neza kugirango bishyushya ibicuruzwa hamwe no gukonja.Kugenzura ikirere cyaka mugihe cyo gukonjesha bifitanye isano itaziguye nubushyuhe bw itanura kandi birashobora kwemeza umwuka wa ogisijeni wa 0.005% cyangwa munsi.Kandi ibi nibintu abanywanyi bacu badashobora gukora.
Turabikesha uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutangiza gahunda ya alfunumeric, inzira ndende yo gucumura irashobora kwigana byoroshye, bityo bigatuma ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.Iyo ugurisha ibicuruzwa, nabyo birerekana ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura ubushyuhe
Ingobyi nkeya (imirongo) hamwe no gutandukanya cyane dendrite cyangwa guhagarika umutima, nka bronze ya tin-fosifore, bigomba gukorerwa annealing idasanzwe ya homogenisation, ubusanzwe ikorerwa mu itanura ry'inzogera.Ubushyuhe bwa homogenisation buri hagati ya 600 na 750 ° C.
Kugeza ubu, igice kinini cyo hagati (rerystallisation annealing) kandi cyarangiye annealing (annealing kugirango igenzure leta nigikorwa cyibicuruzwa) imirongo yumuringa yumuringa irasa neza no kurinda gaze.Ubwoko bw'itanura burimo itanura ry'inzogera, itanura ryo mu kirere, itanura rihagaze, n'ibindi.
Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya ubushyuhe rigaragarira mubisubizo bishyushye kumurongo wo kuvura ibikoresho byimyunyu ngugu hamwe nubuhanga bukurikira bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, guhorana umucyo mwinshi hamwe no guhagarika umutima mukirere gikingira.
Kuzimya - Ubusaza buvura bukoreshwa cyane cyane mubushuhe bushobora gukoreshwa no gushimangira imiringa.Binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe, ibicuruzwa bihindura microstructure kandi bikabona ibintu byihariye bisabwa.Hamwe niterambere ryimbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubushuhe buhanitse, uburyo bwo kuzimya-gusaza bizashyirwa mubikorwa.Ibikoresho byo kuvura bishaje birasa nkibikoresho bya annealing.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Extrusion
Extrusion ni umuringa ukuze kandi uteye imbere hamwe n'umuringa wa aliyumu, inkoni, umusaruro wuburyo bwo gutanga bilet.Muguhindura ipfa cyangwa ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukuramo perforasiyo, ubwoko butandukanye bwimvange hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwambukiranya ibice bishobora gusohoka muburyo butaziguye.Binyuze mu gusohora, imiterere yimikorere ya ingot ihindurwa muburyo butunganijwe, kandi bilet isohoka hamwe na bilet ya barlet ifite uburinganire buringaniye, kandi imiterere ni nziza kandi imwe.Uburyo bwo gusohora ni uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro bukoreshwa nu muringa wo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga.
Gukora umuringa wa misa bikorwa cyane cyane nabakora imashini mugihugu cyanjye, cyane cyane harimo guhimba kubuntu no gupfa kubusa, nkibikoresho binini, ibyuma byinyo, inyo, impeta yimodoka ya synchronizer, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo gusohora bushobora kugabanywa muburyo butatu: gusohora imbere, gukuramo ibintu bidasanzwe no gusohora bidasanzwe.Muri byo, hari byinshi bisabwa byo gusohora imbere, gusubira inyuma bikoreshwa mugukora inkoni ntoya nini nini nini hamwe ninsinga, kandi gusohora bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa bidasanzwe.
Iyo gusohora, ukurikije imiterere ya alloy, ibisabwa bya tekiniki byibicuruzwa byakuweho, hamwe nubushobozi nuburyo bwa extruder, ubwoko, ingano hamwe na coefficient ya ingot igomba guhitamo neza, kugirango urwego rwo guhindura ibintu rube munsi ya 85%.Ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo no kwihuta ni byo shingiro shingiro ryibikorwa byo gusohora, kandi ubushyuhe buringaniye bwikigereranyo bugomba kugenwa ukurikije igishushanyo cya plastike nigishushanyo cyicyuma.Ku muringa n'umuringa, ubushyuhe bwo gusohora buri hagati ya 570 na 950 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwo kuva mu muringa bukaba buri hejuru ya 1000 kugeza 1050 ° C.Ugereranije nubushyuhe bwa silinderi yo gushyushya ubushyuhe bwa 400 kugeza 450 ° C, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yabyo ni ryinshi.Niba umuvuduko wo gusohora utinda cyane, ubushyuhe bwubuso bwa ingot buzagabanuka byihuse, bikavamo kwiyongera kutaringaniye kwicyuma, ibyo bigatuma ubwiyongere bwimitwaro, ndetse bigatera no kurambirana .Kubwibyo, umuringa n'umuringa bivanga muri rusange bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko wo gusohora urashobora kugera kuri mm 50 / s.
Iyo hashyizwemo umuringa n'umuringa, gukuramo ibishishwa akenshi bikoreshwa mugukuraho ubusembwa bwa ingot, kandi uburebure bwa pel ni 1-2 m.Gufunga amazi muri rusange bikoreshwa mugusohoka kwa fagitire yo gusohora, kugirango ibicuruzwa bishobore gukonjeshwa mu kigega cy’amazi nyuma yo kuyisohora, kandi hejuru y’ibicuruzwa ntibishobora kuba okiside, kandi gutunganya ubukonje birashobora gukorwa nta gutoragura.Ikunda gukoresha extruder nini ya tonnage hamwe nigikoresho cyo gufata kimwe kugirango ikuremo umuyoboro cyangwa insinga zifite uburemere bumwe burenga 500 kg, kugirango uzamure neza umusaruro kandi utange umusaruro wuzuye muburyo bukurikira.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wumuringa wumuringa nu muringa usanga ahanini bifata hydrulic ya hydraulic imbere hamwe na sisitemu yigenga ya perforasiyo (inshuro ebyiri) hamwe no kohereza amavuta ya pompe, kandi umusaruro wutubari usanga ahanini sisitemu yo kwigenga itigenga (igikorwa kimwe) kandi pompe yamavuta yoherejwe.Horizontal hydraulic imbere cyangwa gusubiza inyuma.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa rya extruder ni 8-50 MN, none ikunda kubyazwa umusaruro na toni nini ya toni nini hejuru ya 40 MN kugirango yongere uburemere bumwe bwa ingot, bityo umusaruro unoze kandi utange umusaruro.
Ibikoresho bya hydraulic bigezweho bigezweho bifite ibikoresho byubatswe byubatswe, ingunguru ya "X" iyobora hamwe ninkunga, yubatswe muri sisitemu yo gutobora, urushinge rwo gutobora imbere, kunyerera cyangwa kuzunguruka bipfa kwihuta, ibikoresho bihindura imbaraga za pompe itaziguye gutwara, guhuza logic valve, kugenzura PLC hamwe nubundi buhanga bugezweho, ibikoresho bifite ibisobanuro bihanitse, imiterere ihuriweho, imikorere ihamye, guhuza umutekano, kandi byoroshye kumenya kugenzura gahunda.Ikoranabuhanga rihoraho (Conform) tekinoroji ryateye intambwe mumyaka icumi ishize, cyane cyane mugukora utubari tumeze nk'udukingirizo twa moteri, bitanga icyizere.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, tekinolojiya mishya yo gukuramo yateye imbere byihuse, kandi iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoloji yo gukuramo rikubiyemo ibi bikurikira: (1) Ibikoresho byo gukuramo.Imbaraga zo gusohora imashini zisohora zizatera imbere mu cyerekezo kinini, kandi imashini yo gusohora irenga 30MN izahinduka umubiri nyamukuru, kandi automatisation yumurongo utanga umusaruro uzakomeza gutera imbere.Imashini za kijyambere zigezweho zafashe gahunda yo kugenzura porogaramu ya mudasobwa no kugenzura porogaramu zishobora gukoreshwa neza, ku buryo umusaruro ugenda utera imbere cyane, abayikora bagabanuka ku buryo bugaragara, ndetse birashoboka ko umuntu ashobora gukora imikorere idafite abadereva yumurongo utanga umusaruro.
Imiterere yumubiri wa extruder nayo yagiye ikomeza kunozwa no gutunganywa.Mu myaka yashize, bamwe batambitse batambitse bafashe ikinyabupfura kugirango barebe neza imiterere rusange.Extruder igezweho imenya inzira nuburyo bwo gukuramo.Extruder ifite ibikoresho bibiri byo gukuramo (shitingi nyamukuru yo gukuramo no gupfa).Mugihe cyo gusohora, silinderi yo gusohora igenda hamwe nigiti kinini.Muri iki gihe, igicuruzwa nicyerekezo cyo gusohoka gihuza nicyerekezo cyimuka cyumutwe nyamukuru kandi kinyuranye nicyerekezo cyimuka cyurupfu.Urupfu rwibanze rwa extruder narwo rwemeza iboneza rya sitasiyo nyinshi, ntabwo byorohereza gusa gupfa, ahubwo binatezimbere umusaruro.Ibisohokayandikiro bigezweho bifashisha igikoresho cyo kugenzura ibyuma bya laser, bitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kumiterere yumurongo wo hagati, bikaba byoroshye guhinduka mugihe kandi byihuse.Umuvuduko ukabije wa pompe itwara-hydraulic imashini ukoresheje amavuta nkibikoresho bikora byasimbuye burundu hydraulic.Ibikoresho byo gukuramo nabyo bihora bivugururwa hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji.Urushinge rwamazi yo gukonjesha rwimbere rwatejwe imbere cyane, kandi urusobekerane rwambukiranya ibice no gutobora urushinge bizamura cyane amavuta yo gusiga.Ibumba ryibumba hamwe nicyuma kibyara hamwe nubuzima burebure hamwe nubuziranenge bwo hejuru burakoreshwa cyane.
Ibikoresho byo gukuramo nabyo bihora bivugururwa hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji.Urushinge rwamazi yo gukonjesha rwimbere rwatejwe imbere cyane, kandi urusobekerane rwambukiranya ibice no gutobora urushinge bizamura cyane amavuta yo gusiga.Gukoresha ibumba rya ceramic hamwe na alloy ibyuma byubatswe hamwe nubuzima burebure hamwe nubwiza bwo hejuru burakunzwe cyane.(2) Uburyo bwo kubyara ibicuruzwa.Ubwoko nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa byakuweho bigenda byiyongera.Gusohora ibice bito, ultra-high-precision tubes, inkoni, imyirondoro hamwe na super-nini yerekana neza ibicuruzwa bigaragara, bigabanya inenge yimbere yibicuruzwa, bigabanya igihombo cya geometrike, kandi bigateza imbere uburyo bwo gusohora nkibikorwa bimwe byo gusohora. ibicuruzwa.Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya tekinoroji naryo rirakoreshwa cyane.Kubyuma bya okiside byoroshye, hashyizweho kashe yamazi, ishobora kugabanya umwanda, kugabanya igihombo, no kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.Kubicuruzwa bisohotse bigomba kuzimwa, kora ubushyuhe bukwiye.Uburyo bwo gukuramo kashe y'amazi burashobora kugera ku ntego, kugabanya neza umusaruro no kuzigama ingufu.
Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwa extruder hamwe na tekinoroji yo gusohora, tekinoroji igezweho yagiye ikoreshwa buhoro buhoro, nko gukuramo isothermal, gukonjesha bipfa kwihuta, kwihuta kwihuta hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji yo gusohora, gusubira inyuma, hydrostatike ikoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibicuruzwa. yo gukanda no Guhindura, gukoresha ifu yo gukuramo ifu hamwe nuburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibikoresho byo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, guteza imbere uburyo bushya nko gukuramo ibyuma bya kimwe cya kabiri hamwe no gukuramo ibintu byinshi, guteza imbere ibice bito byuzuye Ubukonje bukora ikoranabuhanga, nibindi, byatejwe imbere byihuse kandi byateye imbere kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa.
Ikirangantego
Spectroscope nigikoresho cya siyansi kibora urumuri hamwe nibintu bigoye mumirongo.Itara ryamabara arindwi mumirasire yizuba nigice ijisho ryonyine rishobora gutandukanya (urumuri rugaragara), ariko niba urumuri rwizuba rwangirika na spekrometrike hanyuma ugatondekanya ukurikije uburebure bwumuraba, urumuri rugaragara rufite umwanya muto gusa murwego rwo hejuru, naho ibindi ni ibice bidashobora gutandukanywa nijisho ryonyine, nk'imirasire ya infragre, microwave, imirasire ya UV, X-imirasire, nibindi. igikoresho cyumubare, kugirango tumenye ibintu bikubiye mu ngingo.Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mukumenya ihumana ry’ikirere, kwanduza amazi, isuku y ibiribwa, inganda zicyuma, nibindi.
Spectrometer, izwi kandi nka spectrometer, izwi cyane nko gusoma bitaziguye.Igikoresho gipima ubukana bwimirongo yikurikiranya kumurambararo utandukanye hamwe na fotodekiteri nka fotomultiplier tubes.Igizwe nu mwanya winjira, sisitemu ikwirakwiza, sisitemu yo gufata amashusho hamwe nigice kinini cyo gusohoka.Imirasire ya electromagnetique yumuriro wimirasire itandukanijwe mubice bisabwa byumuraba cyangwa uburebure bwumurambararo hamwe nibintu bitatanye, kandi ubukana bupimirwa kumurongo watoranijwe (cyangwa gusikana umurongo runaka).Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa monochromator na polychromator.
Kugerageza Igikoresho-Imikorere
Ikigeragezo cya digitale gifashwe nicyuma gipima (metero yimikorere) FD-101 ikoresha ihame rya eddy yo gutahura kandi ikozwe muburyo bukurikije ibisabwa ninganda zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi.Yujuje ibipimo byo gupima inganda zicyuma mubijyanye nimikorere nukuri.
1. Eddy ya metero yimyitwarire ya FD-101 ifite bitatu byihariye:
1) Imashini yonyine yo gutwara abashinwa yatsinze igenzura ryikigo cyibikoresho byindege;
2) Imashini yonyine yubushinwa ishobora guhuza ibikenerwa ninganda zindege;
3) Imashini yonyine yo gutwara abashinwa yoherejwe mubihugu byinshi.
2. Kumenyekanisha imikorere yibicuruzwa:
1) Urwego runini rwo gupima: 6.9% IACS-110% IACS (4.0MS / m-64MS / m), ihura n'ikizamini cyo gutwara ibintu byose bidafite fer.
2) Calibration yubwenge: byihuse kandi byukuri, wirinda rwose amakosa ya kalibrasi.
3) Igikoresho gifite indishyi nziza yubushyuhe: gusoma birahita bisubizwa agaciro kuri 20 ° C, kandi gukosora ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumakosa yabantu.
4) Gutekana neza: ni umuzamu wawe kugenzura ubuziranenge.
5) Porogaramu yubwenge yubumuntu: Irakuzanira uburyo bwiza bwo gutahura hamwe nibikorwa bikomeye byo gutunganya no gukusanya amakuru.
6) Igikorwa cyoroshye: urubuga rwo gukora na laboratoire birashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hose, bigashimisha benshi mubakoresha.
7) Kwisimbuza ubwayo: Buri gicumbi gishobora kuba gifite ibikoresho byinshi, kandi abakoresha barashobora kubisimbuza umwanya uwariwo wose.
8) Imyanzuro yumubare: 0.1% IACS (MS / m)
9) Imigaragarire yo gupima icyarimwe yerekana agaciro ko gupima mubice bibiri bya% IACS na MS / m.
10) Ifite imikorere yo gufata amakuru yo gupima.
Ikizamini gikomeye
Igikoresho gikoresha igishushanyo cyihariye kandi cyuzuye mubukanishi, optique nisoko yumucyo, bigatuma amashusho yerekana indentation asobanutse kandi gupima neza.Byombi 20x na 40x bifite intego birashobora kugira uruhare mugupima, bigatuma ibipimo byo gupima binini kandi nibisabwa cyane.Igikoresho gifite ibikoresho bya microscope bipima sisitemu, bishobora kwerekana uburyo bwikizamini, imbaraga zipimisha, uburebure bwa indentation, agaciro gakomeye, imbaraga zipimisha zifata igihe, ibihe byo gupima, nibindi kuri ecran ya fluide, kandi ifite interineti ifite urudodo rushobora guhuzwa. kuri kamera ya digitale na kamera ya CCD.Ifite guhagararirwa mubicuruzwa byo murugo.
Ikizamini Cyibikoresho-Kurwanya
Igikoresho cyo gupima ibyuma birwanya icyuma nigikoresho cyo hejuru cyane cyo gupima ibipimo nkinsinga, irwanya umurongo hamwe nu mashanyarazi.Imikorere yacyo yujuje byuzuye ibisabwa bya tekiniki muri GB / T3048.2 na GB / T3048.4.Ikoreshwa cyane muri metallurgie, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, insinga na kabili, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kaminuza n'amashuri makuru, ibice byubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nizindi nganda.
Ibintu nyamukuru biranga igikoresho:
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(2) Kanda gusa urufunguzo rimwe, indangagaciro zose zapimwe zirashobora kuboneka nta kubara, bikwiranye no gukomeza, byihuse kandi byukuri;
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